ISO/TS 24217-1:2023

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 24217-1
First edition
Fine bubble technology — Guideline
for indicating benefits —
Part 1:
Requirements for systematic
classification of effective functions of
fine bubbles
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Effective functions of fine bubble technology . 2
5 Application fields of fine bubble technology . 4
6 Systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of
application fields and the effective functions . 5
7 Assignment of systematic classification in standards . 6
8 Review and revision of standards .6
Annex A (informative) Brief history of micro bubble technology . 7
Annex B (informative) Brief history of ultrafine bubble technology . 8
Bibliography .10
iii
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24217 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
Introduction
th
Fine bubble technologies have been developed and introduced from the early 20 century. Especially,
microbubbles have been actually introduced in various application areas such as the froth flotation,
ultrasonic imaging, purification of contaminated water and the enhancement of growth of living things
in the ocean. One reason of microbubble application is due to the visible character of microbubbles.
th
Fine bubble technologies has been investigated academically since the late 20 century. As for the
application of the ultrafine bubbles, investigation into their many usages has made great advances
since the year 2000.
There have been various kinds of application technology of fine bubbles recently. The application
fields include engineering application, environmental application, agro-aqua and food application and
medical, living and cosmetic application.
From the viewpoints of effective functions of fine bubble technology, there are various kinds of
effective functions. They include cleaning effect, water treatment effect, sterilizing promotion effect,
growth promotion effect, lubrication effect, control of chemical reaction, improvement in food quality
and control of material processing.
If the systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of the application fields
and the effective functions has been established, the identification of each fine bubble technology
is possible to be made, and be classified in the matrix and furthermore, the extension of the other
application are imagined.
Therefore, the International Standards are made for the systematic classification of fine bubble
technology from the viewpoints of application fields and the effective functions.
This document provides a path for fine bubble suppliers to contribute properly to the various application
fields. Furthermore, by showing to fine bubble users and potential customers, it will be able to help
them to bring the effective functions to the other important applications.
In addition, this document bears a guideline for standards developers to judge when expressing the
contents of application fields and the effective functions of fine bubble technology and is not subject to
the conformity assessment.
v
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
Fine bubble technology — Guideline for indicating
benefits —
Part 1:
Requirements for systematic classification of effective
functions of fine bubbles
1 Scope
This document provides in detail how the standards of fine bubble technologies can contribute to
establish the systematic classification of fine bubble technologies including the effective functions
and the application fields of fine bubbles, which is useful for the users and the potential customers to
optimize the application of fine bubble technologies.
This document also specifies the clauses required for fine bubble standards, including a description
relating application fields and effective functions of fine bubble technologies.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20480-1, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles —
Part 1: Terminology
ISO 20480-2, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles —
Part 2: Categorization of the attributes of fine bubbles
ISO 20480-3, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles —
Part 3: Methods for generating fine bubbles
ISO 20480-4, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles —
Part 4: Terminology related to microbubble beds
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20480-1, ISO 20480-2,
ISO 20480-3 and ISO 20480-4 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
systematic classification
tables and figures where fine bubble technologies are identified and explained from various kinds of
viewpoints, such as application fields , effective functions
1
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
3.2
application fields
applied areas and fields of industry where fine bubble technologies are effectively used, demonstrated
and commercialized
3.3
effective function
useful and characterized phenomena obtained successfully by the fine bubble technologies, which are
used in the actual industrial applications
4 Effective functions of fine bubble technology
There are several effective functions of fine bubble technology demonstrated in the literature
and described in Table 1 and Table 2. Since the fine bubble has been determined to be composed of
microbubbles, which have the diameter between 1 μm and 100 μm, and ultrafine bubbles, which have
the diameter less than 1 μm, the description of the effective functions would be discussed separately.
Microbubble applications: As for the effective functions of using micro bubbles, effective functions
would be related to the froth floatation, ultrasonic imaging, purification of contaminated water and the
enhancement of living things in the ocean as explained in the Annex A.
Froth floatation: The froth floatation would belong to one kind of control of chemical reaction by the
separation of some kinds of metallic element. This floating method used micro bubbles and surface
surfactants based on the mechanism that the bubble surfaces would attract the hydrophobic metallic
[1]
element more than the hydrophilic rock element.
Fine Bubbles for Ultrasonic Imaging inside Body: The generation of ultrasonic contrast agent to the
medical application has been established from the viewpoints of fine bubble formation and microcapsule
[2][3]
generation.
Purification of Contaminated Water: Cleaning and purification of contaminated water in the lakes,
[4]
ponds and dams with oil contamination and with the lack of oxygen have been used from about 1995.
Enhancement of Growth of Oysters, Scallop and Pearls: These application technologies have been
[5]
established for getting rid of the damages of HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) around 1999. These
harmful algal blooms had made the red colored sea water and the lack of oxygen for fishes and oysters.
The injection of microbubbles included water has made the significant effects for decreasing the
damages. Various application areas have been developed such as effective bathing, drag reduction of
ships by using the microbubbles.
There were several challenges independently for clarifying the characteristics of ultrafine bubbles and
investigating the applications of ultrafine bubbles from about 2000 to 2008. Then, many challenges
have been made continuously in many application fields, as shown in Annex B.
The effective functions generated by ultrafine bubbles are explained in Table 1 as follows.
a) Cleaning effect
b) Water treatment
c) Sterilizing promotion effect
d) Growth promotion
e) Lubrication effect
f) Control of chemical reaction
g) Improvement in food quality
h) Material processing
2
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
Table 1 — Effective functions related to the application of fine bubble technologies
No. Effective function Description of each effective function
see ISO 20480-2, ISO
20480-3, ISO 24261-
1, ISO 24216-2
A Cleaning effect, see — Toilet cleaning
ISO 21256-3, ISO
— Removal of salt from the bridges, see ISO/TS 21256-1
20480-2 and ISO
20480-3
— Cleaning of vegetables
— Removal of contaminants on the semiconductor wafers
— Cleaning inside of mouth
— Cleaning of ceramic membrane
— Detergent free cleaning
B Water treatment — Dissolution of oxygen lack of ponds and lakes
effect,
— Floatation mining of minerals
see ISO 20480-4
— Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water
 (minimizing the total amount of disposal in isolated area, promoting the growth
of bacterium for disposal treatment), see ISO 24261-2, ISO 20304-1, ISO 21255,
ISO 21910-1
 — Removal of radioactive substances from the soil
— Soil treatment
C Sterilizing promo- — Minimize the total usage amount of ozone
tion effect
— Maximize the effect of sterilizing liquid by changing the PH
D Growth promotion — Growth promotion of vegetables
effect
 (leaves such as lettuce, increase of total harvest and quality of tomato)
 — Germination promotion
— Application of cell cultivation
— Growth promotion of fishes
— Prevention of oxygen lack of fishes in aquaculture
E Lubrication effect — Lubrication of semiconductor wafer transportation
F Control of chemical — Control the limiting transport phenomena
reaction
G Improvement in food — Control of calorie of mayonnaise
quality
— Freshness keeping of fishes
— Transportation, anestesi of fishes (aquaculture use)
— Fragrance addition
H Material processing — Size controlled synthesis
— Froth flotation
3
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
5 Application fields of fine bubble technology
The application fields are categorized in Table 2 as
— Engineering field
— Environmental field
— Agri-aquacultural and food field
— Medical, living and cosmetic field
Table 2 — Application fields of fine bubble technologies
No.     Application fields          Description of each application fields
see ISO 20480-1,
ISO/TR 24217-2
1 Engineering applications — Removal of contaminants on the semiconductor wafers (see A in Table 1)
see ISO 21256-2,
— Cleaning of ceramic membrane (see A in Table 1),
ISO/TR 23015
— Floatation mining of minerals (see B in Table 1)
— Minimize the total usage amount of ozone (see C in Table 1)
— Maximize the effect of sterilizing liquid by changing the PH (see C in
Table 1)
— Lubrication of semiconductor wafer transportation (see E in Table 1)
— Control the limiting transport phenomena (see F in Table 1)
— Dtergent free cleaning (see A in Table 1)
2 Environmental applica- — Toilet cleaning (see A in Table 1),
tions
— Removal of salt from the bridges (see A in Table 1),
— Dissolution of Oxygen lack of ponds and lakes (see B in Table 1)
— Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water (see B in Table 1)
— Removal of radioactive substances from the soil (see B in Table 1)
— Minimize the total usage amount of ozone (see C in Table 1)
— Application of cell cultivation (see D in Table 1)
— Detergent free cleaning (see A in Table 1)
4
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
No.     Application fields          Description of each application fields
see ISO 20480-1,
ISO/TR 24217-2
3 Agro-aqua and food — Cleaning of vegetables (see A in Table 1)
applications
— Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water (see B in Table 1)
— Minimize the total usage amount of ozone (see C in Table 1)
— Growth promotion of vegetables (see D in Table 1), see ISO/TS 23016-1
— Germination promotion (see D in Table 1), see ISO 23016-2,
ISO/TR 23016-3
— Application of cell cultivation (see D in Table 1)
— Growth promotion of fishes (see D in Table 1)
— Prevention of oxygen lack of fishes in aquaculture (see D in Table 1)
— Control of calorie of mayonnaise (see G in Table 1)
— Freshness keeping of fishes (see G in Table 1)
— Transportation, anestesi of fishes (see G in Table 1)
— Fragrance addition (see G in Table 1)
4 Medical, living and — Cleaning inside of mouth (see A in Table 1)
cosmetic applications
— Minimize the total usage amount of ozone (see C in Table 1)
— Sterilizing medical equipment (medical grade use) (see C in Table 1)
— Oxygenated water, cancer treatment (medical treatment) (see C in
Table 1)
6 Systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of
application fields and the effective functions
Fine bubble technologies have been systematically classified from the viewpoints of application fields
and the effective functions in Table 3.
Existing application technology are symbolled by the circle in Table 3. They would have been meant
to be already researched, developed, actually used or commercialized. Some typical literatures are
shown in the table also as the reference. As the typical and successful challenges of applications, the
following several kinds of ultrafine bubble technology have been researched and developed so far.
[23]
The application to the higher performance of grinding has been researched for the manufacturing
[24]
application. The cleaning of the manufacturing tools has been developed. The sterilizing equipment
[25]
has been researched and developed for the medical applications. As for the washing machine for
the living application, the first commercial equipment has been developed using ultrafine bubbles.
[26]
For realizing the higher quality of living, the bath and shower have been developed and widely
commercialized. For bathing using ultrafine bubbles and microbubbles the effect of the temperature
[27]
rise of the body surface would have been observed. For the shower in the living applications, the
[28]
moisture content of the homy layer would have been observed to increase about 20 %. For the
environmental applications, the water treatment would have the large amount of application targets
[29]
with the simple ultrafine bubble generators.
5
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ISO/TS 24217-1:2023(E)
Table 3 — Systematic classifica
...

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO/ DTSPRF TS 24217-1:2022(E)
ISO /TC 281/WG 1

Secretariat: JISC






Date: 2023-04-28
Fine bubble technology – — Guideline for indicating benefits –  —
Part 1:
Requirements for systematic classification of effective functions of
fine bubbles










DTS stage

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ISO/DTS 24217-1



Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change
without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of






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ISO/DTS 24217-1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved



© ISO 20XX

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission
can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11

Fax: +41 22 749 09 47





ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

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ISO/DTS 24217-1



FDIS stage
4
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ISO/DTS 24217-1

© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested
from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

© © ISISOO 20222022 –– AlAlll r riigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd
iiiiii

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ISO/DTS 24217-1


Contents
Foreword . 7
Introduction . vi
Part 1: Requirements for systematic classification of effective functions of fine bubbles . 1
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Effective functions of fine bubble technology . 4
5 Application fields of fine bubble technology . 8
6 Systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of application fields and the
effective functions . 10
7 Assignment of systematic classification in standards . 12
8 Review and revision of standards . 12
Annex A (informative) Brief history of micro bubble technology . 14
Annex B (informative) Brief history of ultrafine bubble technology . 16
Bibliography . 20

6
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ISO/DTS 24217-1

Foreword
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1. . Scope
. 1
2.Normative references
. 1
3.Terms and definitions
. 2
4.Effective functions of fine bubble technology
. 3
5.Application fields of fine bubble technology
. 5
6.Systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of application fields and the
effective functions . 6
7.Assignment of systematic classification in standards
. 8
8.Review and revision of standards
. 8
Annex A (informative) Brief history of micro bubble technology. 8
Annex B (informative) Brief history of ultrafine bubble technology . 9
Bibliography .10

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ISO/DTS 24217-1



1.1 Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial
rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24217 series can be found on the ISO website.
viii
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IISSOO/D/DTTSS 24 24212177--11
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iivv © © ISISOO 20222022 –– AlAlll r riigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd

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ISO/DTS 24217-1



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ISO/DTS 24217-1


Introduction

th
Fine bubble technologies have been developed and introduced from the early 20 century. Especially,
microbubbles have been actually introduced in various application areas such as the froth flotation,
ultrasonic imaging, purification of contaminated water and the enhancement of growth of living things in the
ocean. One reason of microbubble application is due to the visible character of microbubbles. Fine bubble
th
technologies has been investigated academically since the late 20 century. As for the application of the
ultrafine bubbles, investigation into their many usages has made great advances since the year 2000.

There have been various kinds of application technology of fine bubbles recently. The application fields
include engineering application, environmental application, agro-aqua and food application and medical,
living and cosmetic application.

From the viewpoints of effective functions of fine bubble technology, there are various kinds of effective
functions. They include cleaning effect, water treatment effect, sterilizing promotion effect, growth
promotion effect, lubrication effect, control of chemical reaction, improvement in food quality and control of
material processing.

If the systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of the application fields and the
effective functions has been established, the identification of each fine bubble technology is possible to be
made, and be classified in the matrix and furthermore, the extension of the other application are imagined.

Therefore, the International Standards are made for the systematic classification of fine bubble technology
from the viewpoints of application fields and the effective functions.
This document provides a path for fine bubble suppliers to contribute properly to the various application
fields. Furthermore, by showing to fine bubble users and potential customers, it will be able to help them to
bring the effective functions to the other important applications.
to bring the effective functions to the other important applications.

In addition, this document bears a guideline for standards developers to judge when expressing the contents
of application fields and the effective functions of fine bubble technology in TC 281 and is not subject to the
conformity assessment.

vi
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ISO/DTSPRF TS 24217-1
:(E)

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved vii v

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ISO/DTSPRF TS 24217-1


:(E)
Fine bubble technology – — Guideline for indicating benefits – —
Part 1:
Requirements for systematic classification of effective functions of
fine bubbles

21 Scope
This document provides in detail how the standards of fine bubble technologies can contribute to
establish the systematic classification of fine bubble technologies including the effective functions and
the application fields of fine bubbles, which is useful for the users and the potential customers to optimize
the application of fine bubble technologies.

This document also specifies the clauses required for fine bubble standards, including a description
relating application fields and effective functions of fine bubble technologies.

32 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 24261-2
Fine bubble technology — Sampling and sample preparation for measurement — Part 1: Ultrafine bubble
dispersion in water

ISO 20304-1
Fine bubble technology — Water treatment applications — Part 1: Test method for evaluating ozone fine
bubble water generating systems by the decolorization of methylene blue

ISO 20480-1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

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ISO/PRF TS 24217-1:(E)
, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles — Part 1:
Terminology

ISO 20480-2
, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles — Part 2:
Categorization of the attributes of fine bubbles

ISO 20480-3
, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles — Part 3:
Terminology and methodsMethods for the generation ofgenerating fine bubbles

ISO 20480-4
, Fine bubble technology — General principles for usage and measurement of fine bubbles — Part 4:
Terminology related to microbubble beds

ISO 21255
Fine bubble technology — Storage and transportation of ultrafine bubble dispersion in water

ISO/TS 21256-1
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications — Part 1: Test method for cleaning salt (NaCl)-stained
surfaces

ISO 21256-2
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications — Part 2: Test method for cleaning machine-oil stained
surfaces of machined metal parts

ISO 21256-3
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications — Part 3: Test method for cleaning hard flooring surfaces

ISO 21910-1
Fine bubble technology — Characterization of microbubbles — Part 1: Off-line evaluation of size index
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/DTSPRF TS 24217-1


:(E)

ISO/TR 23015
Fine bubble technology — Measurement technique matrix for the characterization of fine bubbles

ISO/TS 23016-1
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 1: Test method for evaluating the growth
promotion of hydroponically grown lettuce

ISO 23016-2
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 2: Test method for evaluating the promotion of
the germination of barley seeds

ISO/TR 23016-3
Fine bubble technology - Agricultural applications — Part 3: Guideline for promoting the germination of
barley seeds in the region of lower number concentration of ultrafine bubble (UFB)

ISO/TR 24217-2
Fine bubble technology – Guideline for indicating benefits — Part 2: Assignment of sustainable development
goals (SDGs) to applications of fine bubble technologies

ISO 24261-1
Fine bubble technology — Elimination method for sample characterization — Part 1: Evaluation procedure

ISO 24261-2
Fine bubble technology — Elimination method for sample characterization — Part 2: Elimination
techniques

© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/PRF TS 24217-1:(E)
43 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20480-1, ISO 20480-2, ISO
20480-3 and ISO 20480-24 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/


3.1
systematic classification
tables and figures where fine bubble technologies are identified and explained from various kinds of
viewpoints, such as application fields , effective functions

3.2
application fields
applied areas and fields of industry where fine bubble technologies are effectively utilizedused,
demonstrated and commercialized

3.3
effective function
  useful and characterized phenomena obtained successfully by the fine bubble technologies, which are
utilizedused in the actual industrial applications


54 Effective functions of fine bubble technology

There are several effective functions of fine bubble technology demonstrated in the literature and
described in Table 1 and Table2.Table 1 and Table 2. Since the fine bubble has been determined to be
composed of microbubbles, which have the diameter between 1μm1 μm and 100μm100 μm, and ultrafine
bubbles, which have the diameter less than 1μm, 1 μm, the description of the effective functions would
be discussed separately.
the description of the effective functions would be discussed separately.

Microbubble applications: As for the effective functions of utilizingusing micro bubbles, effective
functions would be related to the froth floatation, ultrasonic imaging, purification of contaminated water
and the enhancement of living things in the ocean as explained in the Annex A.Annex A.

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Froth floatation: The froth floatation would belong to one kind of control of chemical reaction by the
separation of some kinds of metallic element. This floating method used micro bubbles and surface
surfactants based on the mechanism that the bubble surfaces would attract the hydrophobic metallic
[1]
element more than the hydrophilic rock element.
separation of some kinds of metallic element. This floating method utilized micro bubbles and surface
surfactants based on the mechanism that the bubble surfaces would attract the hydrophobic metallic
element more than the hydrophilic rock element. [1]

  Fine Bubbles for Ultrasonic Imaging inside Body: The generation of ultrasonic contrast agent to the
medical application has been established from the viewpoints of fine bubble formation and microcapsule
[2][3]
generation.[2][3] .

Purification of Contaminated Water: Cleaning and purification of contaminated water in the lakes, ponds
and dams with oil contamination and with the lack of oxygen have been utilizedused from about 1995.
[4]
[4] .

Enhancement of Growth of Oysters, Scallop and Pearls: These application technologies have been
[5]
established for getting rid of the damages of HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) around 1999.[5]. These
harmful algal blooms had made the red colored sea water and the lack of oxygen for fishes and oysters.
The injection of microbubbles included water has made the significant effects for decreasing the damages.
Various application areas have been developed such as effective bathing, drag reduction of ships by
utilizingusing the microbubbles.

There were several challenges independently for clarifying the characteristics of ultrafine bubbles and
investigating the applications of ultrafine bubbles from about 2000 to 2008. Then, many challenges have
been made continuously in many application fields, as shown in Annex B.Annex B.

The effective functions generated by ultrafine bubbles are explained in Table 1Table 1 as follows.

a) A. Cleaning effect,

b) B. Water treatment,

c) C. Sterilizing promotion effect,

d) D. Growth promotion,
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ISO/PRF TS 24217-1:(E)

e) E. Lubrication effect,

f) F. Control of chemical reaction,

g) G. Improvement in food quality.

h) H. Material processing


Table 1 — Effective functions related to the application of fine bubble technologies


Effective
Description of each effective function
function
No.
see ISO 20480-2,
ISO 20480-3
, ISO 24261-1
, ISO 24216-2

— Toilet cleaning,


— Removal of salt from the bridges, see ISO/TS 21256-1
Cleaning effect
A
, see
— Cleaning of vegetables
ISO 21256-3, ISO
20480-2 and ISO
— Removal of contaminants on the semiconductor wafers,
20480-3
— Cleaning inside of mouth
— Cleaning of ceramic membrane
 Detergent free cleaning




—
— Dissolution of oxygen lack of ponds and lakes
B Water treatment
effect,
— Floatation mining of minerals
see ISO 20480-4
— Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water
 Dissolution of Oxygen lack of ponds and lakes

— Floatation mining of minerals




 Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water
Water treatment
B
(minimizing the total amount of disposal in isolated Areaarea, promoting
effect
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Effective
Description of each effective function
function
No.
see ISO 20480-2,
ISO 20480-3
, ISO 24261-1
, ISO 24216-2

the growth of bacterium for disposal treatment), see ISO 24261-2, ISO
see ISO 20480-4
20304-1, ISO 21255,
ISO 21910-1
— Removal of radioactive substances from the soil
 Soil treatment

— Removal of radioactive substances from the soil

— Soil treatment
— Minimize the total usage amount of Ozone, ozone
Sterilizing promotion
C effect
 Maximize the effect of sterilizing liquid by changing the PH,
—
— Growth promotion of vegetables
D Growth promotion
effect
  (leaves such as lettuce, increase of total harvest and quality of tomato)

 Growth promotion of vegetables
Growth promotion
(leaves such as lettuce, increase of total harvest and quality of tomato),

effect
— Germination promotion,
D
— Application of cell cultivation
— Growth promotion of fishes
 Prevention of Oxygenoxygen lack of fishes in aquaculture
—
 — Lubrication of semiconductor wafer transportation
E Lubrication effect

— Control the limiting transport phenomena
Control of chemical
F
reaction
— Control of calorie of mayonnaise

Improvement in food
quality
G
— Freshness keeping of fishes
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Effective
Description of each effective function
function
No.
see ISO 20480-2,
ISO 20480-3
, ISO 24261-1
, ISO 24216-2

— Transportation, anestesi of fishes (aquaculture use)
— Fragrance Additionaddition
— Size controlled synthesis

Material processing
H
— Froth flotation

5.1.1.1
65 Application fields of fine bubble technology
The application fields are categorized in Table 2Table 2 as
— —1.Engineering field;
— —2. Environmental field;
— —3. Agri-aquacultural and food field;
— —4. Medical, living and cosmetic field;

Table 2 — Application fields of fine bubble technologies


     Applica

tion fields
          Description of each application fields
No.
see ISO 20480-1
,
ISO/TR 24217-2

— Removal of contaminants on the semiconductor wafers( (see A) in Table 1)


— Cleaning of ceramic membrane( (see A), in Table 1),
Engineering
1
applications
— Floatation mining of minerals( (see B) in Table 1)

see ISO 21256-2,
— Minimize the total usage amount of Ozone(ozone (see C) in Table 1)

ISO/TR 23015
— Maximize the effect of sterilizing liquid by changing the PH( (see C) in
Table 1)
— Lubrication of semiconductor wafer transportation( (see E) in Table 1)
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     Applica

tion fields
          Description of each application fields
No.
see ISO 20480-1
,
ISO/TR 24217-2

— Control the limiting transport phenomena( (see F) in Table 1)
 Dtergent free cleaning( (see A)
— in Table 1)
— Toilet cleaning( (see A), in Table 1),


— Removal of salt from the bridges( (see A), in Table 1),


Environmental
2
— Dissolution of Oxygen lack of ponds and lakes( (see B) in Table 1)
applications

— Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water( (see B) in Table 1)
— Removal of radioactive substances from the soil( (see B) in Table 1)
— Minimize the total usage amount of Ozone(ozone (see C) in Table 1)
— Application of cell cultivation( (see D) in Table 1)
 Detergent free cleaning( (see A)
— in Table 1)
— Cleaning of vegetables( (see A) in Table 1)

3 Agro-aqua and food
— Water treatment of disposed and contaminated water( (see B) in Table 1)
applications
— Minimize the total usage amount of Ozone(ozone (see C) in Table 1)
— Growth promotion of vegetables( (see D), in Table 1), see ISO/TS 23016-1
— Germination promotion( (see D), in Table 1), see ISO 23016-2, ISO/TR
23016-3
— Application of cell cultivation( (see D) in Table 1)
— Growth promotion of fishes( (see D) in Table 1)
— Prevention of Oxygenoxygen lack of fishes in aquaculture( (see D) in
Table 1)
— Control of calorie of mayonnaise( (see G) in Table 1)
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ISO/PRF TS 24217-1:(E)

     Applica

tion fields          Description of each application fields
No.
see ISO 20480-1
,
ISO/TR 24217-2

— Freshness keeping of fishes( (see G) in Table 1)
— Transportation, anestesi of fishes( (see G) in Table 1)
 Fragrance addition( (see G)
— in Table 1)

— Cleaning inside of mouth( (see A) in Table 1)

Medical, living and
4
— Minimize the total usage amount of Ozone(ozone (see C) in Table 1)
cosmetic applications
— Sterilizing medical equipment (medical grade use)() (see C ) in Table 1)
 Oxygenated water, cancer treatment (medical treatment)() (see
C )
— in Table 1)
6.1.1.1


76 Systematic classification of fine bubble technology from the viewpoints of
application fields and the effective functions
7.1.1.1.1.1
7.1.1.1.1.2 6.1 Genaral

    Fine bubble technologies hashave been systematically classified from the viewpoints of application
fields and the effective functions in Table 3.Table 3.


Existing application technology are symbolled by the circle in table3.Table 3. They would have been
meant to be already researched, developed, actually utilizedused or commercialized. Some typical
literatures are shown in the table also as the reference. As the typical and successful challenges of
applications, the following several kinds of ultrafine bubble technology have been researched and
[23]
developed so far. The application to the higher performance of grinding has been researched [2
...