ISO 23316-5

ISO/DIS PRF 23316--5:2022(E)
ISO /TC 23/SC 19/WG 9
Secretariat: DIN
Date: 2022-11-172023-08-04
Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical
High Power Interfacehigh-power interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC —
Part 5:
DC operation mode
FDIS stage

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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
© ISO 20222023
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ISO/PRF 23316-5:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . vi
Introduction. vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 2
4 System overview . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Operation with single CS . 5
4.3 Operation with MCS . 5
5 DC specification . 11
5.1 Voltage form and quality. 11
5.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges. 11
5.1.2 Voltage ripple . 11
5.1.3 Continuous DC current . 11
5.1.4 Peak current . 11
5.1.5 Current specific communication parameters . 12
5.1.6 Voltage dips and recovery time . 12
5.1.7 Overvoltage protection . 12
5.1.8 Overcurrent protection . 13
5.1.9 System inductance . 15
5.1.10 DC link capacitance . 15
5.1.11 Y-capacitors, parasitic capacitances . 16
5.1.12 DC Link pre-charging . 16
5.2 DC link discharging procedure . 19
5.2.1 General . 19
5.2.2 Connection of MCS . 19
5.3 Compatibility criteria for PS, HPI and load . 19
5.3.1 Block diagram . 19
5.3.2 Value ranges for system components: . 21
5.3.3 Limitations on ripple current . 21
5.3.4 Test methods. 23
5.3.5 Ripple current in case of MCS . 24
5.3.6 Limited operation of source-load(s) combinations with respect to ripple currents . 25
5.3.7 Energy feedback . 25
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
5.3.8 Functional requirements — Energy feedback over time . 25
5.4 Overload protection . 26
Annex A (informative) Estimation methods for DC link film capacitors . 27
Annex B (informative) Technical details . 30
Bibliography . 45

Foreword 4
1 Scope 5
2 Normative references 6
3 Terms and definitions 7
4 System Overview 12
4.1 Operation with single CS 13
4.2 Operation with MCS 14
5 DC specification 18
5.1 Voltage Form and Quality 18
5.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges 18
5.1.2 Voltage Ripple 19
5.1.3 Continuous DC Current 19
5.1.4 Peak Current 19
5.1.5 Current specific communication parameters 20
5.1.6 Voltage dips and Recovery Time 20
5.1.7 Overvoltage Protection 20
5.1.8 Overcurrent Protection 21
5.1.9 System inductance 23
5.1.10 DC link capacitance 23
5.1.11 Y-Capacitors, Parasitic Capacitances 23
5.1.12 DC Link Pre-charging 23
5.2 DC link discharging procedure 25
5.2.1 Connection of MCS 26
5.3 Compatibility Criteria for PS, HPI and Load 26
5.3.1 Block Diagram 26
5.3.2 Value ranges for system components: 27
5.3.3 Limitations on ripple current 28
5.3.4 Test methods 29
5.3.5 Ripple current in case of MCS 30
5.3.6 Limited operation of source-load(s) combinations with respect to ripple currents 31
5.3.7 Energy feedback 31
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ISO/PRF 23316-5:2023(E)
5.3.8 Functional Requirements - Energy Feedback over Time 32
5.4 Overload protection 32
Annex A (informative) Estimation methods for DC link film capacitors 34
A.1.1 Minimum DC Link System Capacitance34
A.1.1.1 Minimum DC link capacitance (film capacitors) 34
A.1.2 Minimum DC link capacitance: alternative calculation method 34
Annex B (informative) 36
B.1 Calculation of cable inductance 36
B.2 Reforming of electrolytic capacitors 37
B.3 Example: Pre-charge state machine 38
B.4 Simplified circuit diagrams describing various operational modes 39
B.4.1 Normal Operation (connected, no energy feedback) 39
B 4.2 Operation with Energy Feedback by CS 40
B 4.3 Pre-charge Operation 40
B 4.4 “Normal” Discharge Operation (No Emergency Discharge) 41
B 4.5 “Normal“ Discharge Operation (CS only) 42
B4.6 Diagrams containing EMC measures 42
B 4.7 “Sophisticated Model“ 43
B.5 Considerations of Cable Length in a VC-B2 System 44
B.6 DC bus filters 44
B.6.1 Limits on switching frequencies 45
2
B.7 Using the i t value for overload protection 45

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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23316 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.

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ISO/PRF 23316-5:2023(E)
Introduction
ISO 23316-1 describes the general purpose and structure of standards in the ISO 23316 series, including
common elements and definitions shared within all parts of the ISO 23316 series.
The purpose of the ISO 23316 series is to provide design and application standards covering
implementation of electrical high power interface with a nominal voltage of
700VDC/480VAC700 VDC/480 VAC for agricultural and forestry machinery.
The ISO 23316 series specifies physical and logical interface requirements that provide interoperability
and cross compatibility for systems and equipment operating at nominal voltages of
700VDC/480VAC700 VDC/480 VAC.
The following are not within the scope of ISO 23316:
— — Serviceservice, maintenance, and related diagnostics;
— — Functionalfunctional safety;
— — Controlcontrol strategies for high power sources and loads;
— — Applicationapplication-specific strategies and operational modes;
— — Componentcomponent design;
— — Energyenergy storage systems, e. g. super-capacitors or batteries;
— — Multiplemultiple electrical power sources supplying a common DC link.
It is permitted for partial systems or components to be compliant to the ISO 23316 series by applying all
applicable requirements, e.g. for the plug, receptacle or inverters, on a tractor or implement.
Note: e.g. ifNOTEIf a DC-mode only HPI is provided, it is not necessary to comply with part 4 describing AC-mode,
as it is not applicable. If an AC-mode only HPI is provided, it is not necessary to comply with part 5 describing DC-
modethis document, as it is not applicable.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 23316-5:2022(E)

Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical
high -power interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC — —
Part 5:
DC operation mode
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to
be useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing
this document using a colour printer
41 Scope
This document specifies measures applicable to the class B2 voltage DC bus of a supply system which is
intended to power detachable electrical CS(s).
— — Electricalelectrical specification of the high power interface
— — Operatingoperating modes (e. g. initialization, normal operation, energy feedback,
connect/disconnect procedures and disconnect in case of malfunction)
— — Communication parameters (basic framework: signals, ranges, units, states of supply system and
CS)
The document contains simplified electrical diagrams showing specific aspects of the required
functionality.
52 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16230--1:2015, Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of higher voltage electrical and
electronic components and systems — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 23316--1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high -power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 1: General description
ISO 23316--2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 2: Physical interface
ISO 23316--3, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 3: Safety requirements
1
ISO/DIS 23316--6:— , Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power
interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC — Part 6: Controls communication

1
 Under preparation. Stage at the date of publication: ISO/DIS 23316-6:2023.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
63 Terms, definitions and symbols
6.13.1 3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23316 series-1, ISO/DIS 23316-
6:— and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
device under test
DUT
single component or combination of components as defined to be tested
[SOURCE: ISO 10605:2008, 3.3]
6.23.2 Symbols
C DC link capacitance PS
DC src
C DC link capacitance CS
DC ld
C Y-Capacitor CS
y ld
Cy src Y-Capacitor PS
Lcab cable inductance
Li src inner source inductance
R inner source resistance
i src
R cable resistance
cab
R contact resistance
cont

m inverter modulation index representing the amplitude of the fundamental output voltage U0
normalized by the DC supply voltage U , so m= U /U
DC 0 DC
⧍U voltage ripple
C DC link capacitor
DC
I peak current
pk
Irms root mean square current
fsw switching frequency
min minimum
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
74 System overview
7.14.1 General


Key
ACL AC load (e.g. electric motor)
APP Applicationapplication
C Controllercontroller of a device
CDC DC link capacitor
CE Combustion Enginecombustion engine
DCLNK DC link
G Generatorgenerator (as example of an electric power source)
HPI-C High Power Interface - Control
HPI-MC High Power Interface - Master Control
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
INV Inverterinverter (DC/AC converter)
REC Rectifierrectifier (AC/DC power converter)
S Switchswitch (contactor or solid state switch, including pre- and discharge unit)
S-C Switch Controllerswitch controller
T Transmissiontransmission
TC Task Controllertask controller
TIM-C TIM (Tractor Implement Management) Client
TIM-S TIMTractor Implement Management Server
VT Virtual Terminalvirtual terminal (user interface, e.g. display)
I Supplysupply system
II Consumerconsumer system
1 high power interface
2 ISOBUS connector
3 power lines
4 ISOBUS
5 supply system communication bus (e.g. tractor bus)
6 consumer system communication bus (e.g. implement bus)
7 interlock signal
8 feedback signal (by e.g. a sensor)
9 interlock signal line breaker
Solid line
power connection

Dashed
signal / /bus connection
line
Dotted
optional connection
line
Bold solid
defines focus of document
line
Figure 1 — Exemplary system schematics
The system consists at least of an electrical PS with generator and control providing DC power on a DC
link and a CS, which is connected by an HPI and communication line in accordance with ISO/DIS 23316-
6.:—. System schematics are shown in Figure 1.Figure 1.
NOTE 1 Depending on design, for implements a discharge unit can be needed for implements.
The architecture of the load depends upon the specific application and can have any combination of
resistive, inductive and capacitive elements. The common base is the voltage provided by the source (and
specified in the subsequent chapters) and the communication interface according to ISO/DIS 23316-6.:—
. A voltage source can have multiple HPIs.
The minimum VC-B2 system consists of at least one PS and one APP. The VC-B2 system is based on an IT
system. Each implement may contain many different VC-B2 devices.
NOTE 2 Pre-/Discharge procedures, disconnect devices and filters are described in subsequent sections.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
7.34.2 Operation with single CS
At the simplest level, only one CS (e.g. implement) is attached on the supply system (e.g. tractor), where
the PS is located. The single CS can contain one or more independent VC-B2 devices. Such a configuration
is shown in Figure 2Figure 2 and is the basis for the following figures with MCS.


Key
ACL AC Load (e.g. electric motor)
G Generator
INV Inverter
REC Rectifier
S Pre- / discharge / disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 2 — Single implement block diagram
7.44.3 Operation with MCS
It is also possible to attach an MCS to a supply system (e.g. tractor). Each can contain one, or more VC-B2
devices. If an MCS is attached to one supply system, each CS needs its own HPI-C. The following
figuresFigures 4 to 6 show some -, but not all possible –, configurations.
The first supply system in the topology (typically located on tractor, or a PTO generator) shall provide
the sum of the power of the connected CS. In case of power/current restrictions due to higher total
demand compared to capabilities, one of these two load balancing options shall be used.
a) 1) The HPI-MC shall control the power distribution of all other connected combinations.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
b) 2) The HPI-MC shall control the power distribution of the first supply system connected subsystems
(which consist of several VC-B2 devices).
Figure 3Figure 3 shows a configuration where several CS are attached on supply system, and each has its
own HPI (maximum allowed number of implements in accordance with ISO 11783).

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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)

Key
ACL AC Loadload (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 3 — Configuration with several parallel CS each at a separate connector
Figure 4Figure 4 shows a configuration where a CS is attached on supply system’s front and several CS
are attached on supply system’s rear and each has its own HPI.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)


Key
ACL AC Load (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 4 — Configuration with a front CS and several rear CSs each with a separate connector
Figure 5Figure 5 shows a configuration where three CS are attached in series, thus only one tractor HPI
is used and two CS are providing the HPI to the following one.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)




Key
ACL AC Loadload (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 5 — Configuration with three CS in series
Figure 6Figure 6 shows a configuration where series and parallel connection of CSs are combined.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)


Key
ACL AC Loadload (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 6 — Configuration with front CS, a single rear CS and two rear CS in series
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
85 DC specification
8.15.1 Voltage form and quality
8.1.15.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges
For the purposes of this document, the voltage values and ranges given in ISO 23316-1 apply.

8.1.35.1.2 Voltage ripple
8.1.3.15.1.2.1 General
Periodic voltage ripple is generated due to residual incomplete suppression of an alternating wave after
rectification from switching of the inverters used in the PS and loads.
8.1.3.25.1.2.2 Ripple specification for a power source (PS)
For the first PS, ±2 % of the nominal voltage shall not be exceeded.
NOTE If an implement serves as PS, it might not be possible to satisfy this requirement as well.
8.1.3.35.1.2.3 Ripple specification for load(s)
±5 % of the nominal voltage shall not be exceeded.
NOTE 1 Different levels for the PS and loads are defined to avoid exceeding the specified limits in case of DC bus
resonances.
8.1.45.1.3 Continuous DC current
The continuous DC current is the current, which the PS is able to supply.
The maximum continuous DC current is restricted by three limits:
— — Continuouscontinuous current the PS is able to supply, which is I I = P /U
cont cont source cont source nom
(Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “PC/S current capability–continuous)”.)”;
— — Currentcurrent carrying capability of the HPI (as defined in ISO 23316-2:2023, 4.5.6).);
— — Continuouscontinuous current limitation by the cable cross section from HPI to CS, defined and
transferred by the HPI-C (e.g. implement) to the HPI-MC (e.g. tractor) (Signal according to ISO/DIS
23316-6::—: “Load current demand– maximum continuous”).
The lowest value of these limits is the maximum current, which can be supplied by the PS continuously.
This is transferred from the HPI-MC to the HPI-C (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “PC/S current
calculated–continuous”).
8.1.55.1.4 Peak current
Each system part (PS and load) has its own peak current limit. The peak current is the maximum amount
of current which the output is capable of sourcing for brief periods of time. Characterizing values are
amplitude, duration and minimum repetition rate. It mainly depends on the physical limits of the
electrical hardware used (current carrying capability, heat dissipation, etc.).
Applications on implements or attachments can have load variations causing the occurrence of peak
currents. The aim is not to overload the PS, cables and HPI contacts by the load.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
The maximum peak DC current is restricted by three limits:
— — Peakpeak current the PS is able to supply, which is I peakIpeak source = Ppeak source/Unom (Signal
according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “PC/S current capability–peak”).”);
— — Currentcurrent carrying capability of the HPI (as defined in ISO 23316-2:2023, 4.5.6).);
— — Peakpeak current limitation by cable cross section from HPI to CS, defined and transferred by the
HPI-C (e.g. implement) to the HPI-MC (e.g. tractor) (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “Load
current demand–maximum peak”).
The lowest value of these limits is the peak current, which can be supplied by the PS. This is transferred
from the HPI-MC to the HPI-C (Signal according to ISO 23316-6: “PC/S current calculated–peak”).
The following cases of operation will occur:
a) a. I I > I I → operation possible
peak peak (PS) peak peak (load)
b) b. I I <= I ≤ I → application specific, if operation possible
peak peak (PS) peak peak (load)
c) c. I I << I I → use of application is unlikely
peak peak (PS) peak peak (load)
8.1.65.1.5 Current specific communication parameters
To establish communication between supply system and CS, the PS shall send its
...