IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023

IEC TS 62933-3-2
®

Edition 1.0 2023-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION

colour
inside


Electrical energy storage (EES) systems –
Part 3-2: Planning and performance assessment of electrical energy storage
systems – Additional requirements for power intensive and renewable energy
sources integration related applications

IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023-01(en)

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IEC TS 62933-3-2

®


Edition 1.0 2023-01




TECHNICAL



SPECIFICATION








colour

inside










Electrical energy storage (EES) systems –

Part 3-2: Planning and performance assessment of electrical energy storage

systems – Additional requirements for power intensive and renewable energy

sources integration related applications
























INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL


COMMISSION





ICS 13.020.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-6326-6




  Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.


® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

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– 2 – IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023  IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 12
3.2.1 Abbreviated terms . 12
3.2.2 Symbols . 13
4 General planning and performance assessment considerations for EES systems . 14
4.1 Applications of EES systems . 14
4.1.1 Functional purpose of the EES systems . 14
4.1.2 Application related requirements . 15
4.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid . 18
4.2.1 General . 18
4.2.2 Grid parameters at the intended POC . 18
4.2.3 Service conditions . 18
4.2.4 Requirements and restrictions of the grid or system operator . 19
4.2.5 Standards and local regulations . 21
4.3 Design of the EES systems . 22
4.3.1 General . 22
4.3.2 Structure of the EES systems . 22
4.3.3 Subsystem specifications . 23
4.3.4 Grid integration of the EES systems . 27
4.3.5 Operation and control . 28
4.3.6 Monitoring . 29
4.3.7 Maintenance . 29
4.3.8 Communication interface . 30
4.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems. 30
4.4.1 General . 30
4.4.2 Sizing . 30
4.4.3 Characteristics and restrictions of the EES systems . 33
4.5 Service life of the EES systems . 35
4.5.1 General . 35
4.5.2 Installation . 35
4.5.3 Performance assessment . 35
4.5.4 Operation and control . 36
4.5.5 Monitoring . 38
4.5.6 Maintenance . 38
5 Frequency regulation/control . 42
5.1 Primary and secondary frequency regulation . 42
5.1.1 Applications of the EES systems. 42
5.1.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid. 44
5.1.3 Design of the EES systems . 44
5.1.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems . 47
5.1.5 Service life of the EES systems . 49

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IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023  IEC 2023 – 3 –
5.2 Fast frequency control . 55
5.2.1 Applications of the EES systems. 55
5.2.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid. 58
5.2.3 Design of the EES systems . 58
5.2.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems . 60
5.2.5 Service life of the EES systems . 61
6 Grid voltage support (Q(U)), volt/var support . 62
6.1 Applications of the EES systems . 62
6.1.1 Functional purpose of the EES systems . 62
6.1.2 Application related requirements . 63
6.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid . 63
6.3 Design of the EES systems . 63
6.3.1 Structure of the EES systems . 63
6.3.2 Subsystem specifications . 64
6.3.3 Grid integration of the EES systems . 64
6.3.4 Operation and control . 64
6.3.5 Communication interface . 65
6.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems. 65
6.4.1 Sizing . 65
6.4.2 Characteristics and restrictions of the EES systems . 66
6.5 Service life of the EES systems . 66
6.5.1 Installation . 66
6.5.2 Performance assessment . 66
6.5.3 Operation and control . 67
6.5.4 Monitoring . 67
7 Voltage sag mitigation (P(U)) . 67
7.1 Applications of the EES systems . 67
7.1.1 Functional purpose of the EES systems . 67
7.1.2 Application related requirements . 68
7.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid . 69
7.3 Design of the EES systems . 69
7.3.1 Structure of the EES systems . 69
7.3.2 Subsystem specifications . 70
7.3.3 Grid integration of the EES systems . 70
7.3.4 Operation and control . 70
7.3.5 Communication interface . 71
7.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems. 71
7.4.1 Sizing . 71
7.4.2 Characteristics and restrictions of the EES systems . 72
7.5 Service life of the EES systems . 73
7.5.1 Installation . 73
7.5.2 Performance assessment . 73
7.5.3 Operation and control . 73
7.5.4 Monitoring . 73
8 Renewable energy sources integration related applications . 74
8.1 Renewable energy sources (power) smoothing . 74
8.1.1 Applications of the EES systems. 74
8.1.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid. 75
8.1.3 Design of the EES systems . 75

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– 4 – IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023  IEC 2023
8.1.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems . 77
8.1.5 Service life of the EES systems . 78
8.2 Renewable energy sources (energy) generation firming . 80
8.2.1 Applications of the EES systems. 80
8.2.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid. 80
8.2.3 Design of the EES systems . 81
8.2.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems . 81
8.2.5 Service life of the EES systems . 82
8.3 EES systems in electric charging stations in combination with renewable
energy sources . 83
8.3.1 Applications of EES systems . 83
8.3.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid. 83
8.3.3 Design of the EES systems . 83
8.3.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems . 84
8.3.5 Service life of the EES systems . 85
9 Power oscillation damping (POD) . 88
9.1 Applications of the EES systems . 88
9.1.1 Functional purpose of the EES systems . 88
9.1.2 Application related requirements . 89
9.2 Conditions and requirements for connection to the grid . 90
9.3 Design of the EES systems . 90
9.3.1 Structure of the EES system . 90
9.3.2 Subsystem specifications . 91
9.3.3 Grid integration of the EES systems . 91
9.3.4 Operation and control . 91
9.3.5 Communication interface . 92
9.4 Sizing and resulting parameters of the EES systems. 93
9.4.1 Sizing . 93
9.4.2 Characteristics and restrictions of the EES systems . 95
9.5 Service life of the EES systems . 95
9.5.1 Installation . 95
9.5.2 Performance assessment . 96
9.5.3 Operation and control . 96
9.5.4 Monitoring . 97
Annex A (informative) Key performance indicators metrics relevant to each EES
system application . 98
Annex B (informative) Default assignment of permissions to roles . 99
Annex C (informative) Specific maintenance requirements in terms of EES
technologies . 104
C.1 General . 104
C.2 Electrochemical energy storage . 104
C.2.1 Lead-acid battery . 104
C.2.2 Lithium ion battery . 106
C.2.3 Sodium sulphur battery . 107
C.2.4 Flow battery . 107
C.3 Mechanical energy storage . 108
C.3.1 Compressed air energy storage . 108
C.3.2 Flywheel energy storage . 109
C.4 Electrical energy storage . 109

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IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023  IEC 2023 – 5 –
C.4.1 Supercapacitor energy storage . 109
C.4.2 Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) . 110
Bibliography . 112

Figure 1 – Typical architectures of EES systems . 23
Figure 2 – EES system typical architecture with detailed structure of management
subsystem . 26
Figure 3 – Overview of EES planning and design aspects . 31
Figure 4 – Example of EES planning process with multi-function applications . 32
Figure 5 – Example of frequency control block diagram . 42
Figure 6 – Example of frequency regulation time/duration schematic diagram . 43
Figure 7 – Example of the system structure of the EES system for frequency
regulation in conjunction with generator . 44
Figure 8 – Example of droop control with frequency dead band . 45
Figure 9 – Example of EES system sizing process for primary frequency regulation . 47
Figure 10 – Example of EES system sizing process for secondary frequency
regulation . 48
Figure 11 – Example of control strategy of the EES system participating in primary
frequency regulation . 50
Figure 12 – Example of SOC thresholds and storage modes of the EES system . 51
Figure 13 – Example of EES system participating in secondary frequency regulation . 53
Figure 14 – Example of control strategy of EES system participating in secondary
frequency regulation . 54
Figure 15 – Example of frequency curve with fast frequency control . 56
Figure 16 – Example of operation regions of different frequency response types . 57
Figure 17 – Example of frequency and EES system output power curve with time . 57
Figure 18 – Example of the system structure of EES systems for fast frequency control

application in conjunction with renewable energy sources . 58
Figure 19 – Frequency deviation curve . 59
Figure 20 – Example of EES system sizing process for fast frequency control . 60
Figure 21 – Example of control strategy of the EES system participating in fast
frequency control . 62
Figure 22 – Example of the system structure of the EES system for grid voltage
support . 64
Figure 23 – Example of reactive voltage support schematic diagram . 65
Figure 24 – Example of EES system sizing process for voltage support . 66
Figure 25 – Example of voltage sag . 67
Figure 26 – Example of compensation time of the EES system for voltage sag
mitigation . 68
Figure 27 – Example of regulation time of the EES system for voltage sag mitigation . 69
Figure 28 – Example of the system structure of the EES system for voltage sag
mitigation . 70
Figure 29 – Example of control strategy for the voltage sag mitigation application . 71
Figure 30 – Example of EES system sizing process for voltage sag mitigation . 71
Figure 31 – Example of the system structure of the EES system connected with
renewable energy sources . 76

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– 6 – IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023  IEC 2023
Figure 32 – Example of control strategy for the renewable energy sources (power)
smoothing application . 76
Figure 33 – Example of the EES system sizing process for renewable energy sources

(power) smoothing . 77
Figure 34 – Example of renewable energy sources (power) smoothing basic
procedures. 78
Figure 35 – Example of the EES system for renewable energy sources (power)
monitoring system . 79
Figure 36 – Example of control strategy for the renewable energy sources (energy)

firming application . 81
Figure 37 – Example of EES system sizing process for renewable energy sources
(energy) generation firming . 82
Figure 38 – Example of the system structure of the EES system in electric charging
stations in combination with renewable energy sources . 84
Figure 39 – Example of EES system sizing process of the EES system in electric

charging stations in combination with renewable energy sources . 85
Figure 40 – Example of EV charging mode selection . 86
Figure 41 – Example of electric charging stations monitoring system architecture in
combination with renewable energy sources and EES system . 87
Figure 42 – Schematic diagram of the system structure of a single infinite bus system
connected with the EES system . 88
Figure 43 – Schematic diagram of typical four-generators two-regions system structure
connected with the EES system . 88
Figure 44 – Example of damping power oscillation simulation with five BESSs in a
transmission grid . 90
Figure 45 – Example of the system structure of the EES system for POD . 91
Figure 46 – Example of EES system sizing process for POD application . 94
Figure 47 – Example of control strategy of the EES system participating in the POD . 97

Table 1 – Typical multi-function applications of EES systems . 33
Table 2 – Example of the definition of various states of charge . 51
Table 3 – Example of information interaction between various systems. 87
Table A.1 – Metrics relevant to each EES system application . 98
Table B.1 – Default assignment of permissions to roles within different monitoring and
maintenance states . 100

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IEC TS 62933-3-2:2023  IEC 2023 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE (EES) SYSTEMS –

Part 3-2: Planning and performance assessment of electrical energy
storage systems – Additional requirements for power intensive and
renewable energy sources integration related applications

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparator
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