IEC 62604-2:2011

IEC 62604-2


®


Edition 1.0 2011-11



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of
assessed quality –
Part 2: Guidelines for the use

Duplexeurs à ondes acoustiques de surface (OAS) et à ondes acoustiques de
volume (OAV) sous assurance de la qualité –
Partie 2: Lignes directrices d’utilisation


IEC 62604-2:2011

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 62604-2


®


Edition 1.0 2011-11



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of
assessed quality –
Part 2: Guidelines for the use

Duplexeurs à ondes acoustiques de surface (OAS) et à ondes acoustiques de
volume (OAV) sous assurance de la qualité –
Partie 2: Lignes directrices d’utilisation


INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX S
ICS 31.140 ISBN 978-2-88912-712-2

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 62604-2  IEC:2011



CONTENTS

FOREWORD . 3


1 Scope . 5

2 Normative references . 5

3 Technical considerations . 6


4 Fundamentals of SAW and BAW duplexers . 6

4.1 Basic function . 6

4.1.1 TX filter response (Filter response from TX port to antenna port) . 7

4.1.2 RX filter response (Filter response from antenna port to RX port) . 7
4.1.3 Isolation (Isolation from TX port to RX port) . 7
4.2 Basic structure . 8
4.3 Principle of operation . 9
5 SAW and BAW duplexer characteristics. 11
5.1 General conditions for SAW and BAW duplexers . 11
5.2 Typical characteristics of SAW and BAW duplexer . 14
5.2.1 UMTS Duplexer . 14
5.2.2 US CDMA Duplexer . 14
5.2.3 PCS CDMA Duplexer . 14
6 Application Guide . 18
6.1 Power durability . 18
6.2 Inter-modulation . 18
6.3 Measurement method for the duplexer. 18
6.4 Static electricity . 19
Bibliography . 20

Figure 1 – Basic duplexer configuration . 6
Figure 2 – Basic TX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers . 7
Figure 3 – Basic RX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers . 8
Figure 4 – Basic isolation response example of SAW and BAW duplexers . 8
Figure 5 – The block diagram of duplexer . 9
Figure 6 – The demanded condition of TX part for duplexers . 10
Figure 7 – Phase rotation in TX part . 10

Figure 8 – The demanded condition of RX part for duplexers . 11
Figure 9 – Typical wide range frequency response of TX filter . 12
Figure 10 – Typical wide range frequency response of RX filter for upper local system . 13
Figure 11 – Phase shifter by micro-strip line on the surface of a ceramic package . 13
Figure 12 – Lumped element phase shifter . 13
Figure 13 – Duplexer configuration . 13
Figure 14 – Frequency characteristics of SAW Duplexer for UMTS system . 15
Figure 15 – Frequency characteristics of SAW Duplexer for US CDMA system . 16
)
Figure 16 – Frequency characteristics of BAW Duplexer for PCS CDMA system . 17
Figure 17 – 4 port network analyzer . 19

Table 1 – Frequency allocation of typical UMTS bands . 7

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62604-2  IEC:2011 – 3 –


INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________



SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (SAW) AND

BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE (BAW) DUPLEXERS

OF ASSESSED QUALITY –



Part 2: Guidelines for the use





FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of

patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62604-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 49:
Piezoelectric, dielectric and electrostatic devices and associated materials for frequency
control, selection and detection.
NOTE In this standard, SAW and BAW duplexers are treated simultaneously because both duplexers are used in
the same manner especially in mobile phones and have same requirements of characteristics, test method and so
on.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
49/974/FDIS 49/985A/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

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– 4 – 62604-2  IEC:2011


This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.


A list of all parts of IEC 62604 series under the general title: Surface acoustic wave (SAW)

and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of assessed quality, can be found on the IEC

website.


The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until

the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be


• reconfirmed,

• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

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62604-2  IEC:2011 – 5 –


SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (SAW) AND

BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE (BAW) DUPLEXERS

OF ASSESSED QUALITY –



Part 2: Guidelines for the use








1 Scope

This part of IEC 62604 concerns the duplexers, which can separate receiving signal from
transmitting signal and are key components for two-way radio communications. They are
generally used in mobile phones using CDMA systems such as N-CDMA, W-CDMA /
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). So far, dielectric duplexers have been
mainly used. However, recently SAW duplexers, which are utilized surface acoustic wave
(SAW), are becoming popular and replacing the dielectric duplexers year by year in recent
mobile phones, because of their advantage of small size, light weight and good electrical
performances. In addition to SAW duplexers, BAW duplexers, which are utilized bulk acoustic
wave (BAW), are also becoming in the spotlight and popular because of their higher Q
property and better performances especially in PCS band.
It is neither the aim of these guidelines to explain theory, nor to attempt to cover all the
eventualities which may arise in practical circumstances. These guidelines draw attention to
some of the more fundamental questions, which should be considered by the user before he
places an order for SAW and BAW duplexers for a new application. Such a procedure will be
the user’s insurance against unsatisfactory performance. Because SAW and BAW duplexers
have very similar performance for the usage, it is useful and convenient for users that both
duplexers are described in one standard.
Standard specifications, such as those of IEC of which these guidelines form a part, and
national specifications or detail specifications issued by manufacturers, will define the
available combinations of centre frequency, pass bandwidth and insertion attenuation for each
of transmitting and receiving filters and isolation level between transmitting and receiving
ports, etc. These specifications are compiled to include a wide range of SAW and BAW
duplexers with standardized performances. It cannot be over-emphasized that the user should,
wherever possible, select his duplexers from these specifications, when available, even if it
may lead to making small modifications to his circuit to enable the use of standard duplexers.
This applies particularly to the selection of the normal frequency.
2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60862-1:2003, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters of assessed quality – Part 1: Generic
specification
IEC 60862-2:2002, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters of assessed quality – Part 2: Guide to
the use
IEC 61019-2:2005, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators – Part 2: Guide to the use

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – 62604-2  IEC:2011


3 Technical considerations


It is of prime interest to a user that the duplexer characteristics should satisfy particular

specifications. The selection of the front-end circuits in mobile phones and SAW and BAW

duplexers to meet such specifications should be a matter of agreement between the user and

the manufacturer.


Duplexer characteristics are usually expressed in terms of centre frequency, pass bandwidth

and insertion attenuation for each of transmitting and receiving filter parts in the duplexer and

isolation level between transmitting and receiving ports. Since the SAW and BAW duplexer is

used in RF front-end of the mobile phones, lower insertion attenuation, higher

isolation/rejection level, stronger power durability and smaller/thinner package dimension are
strictly required.
4 Fundamentals of SAW and BAW duplexers
4.1 Basic function
Duplexers are necessary for mobile phones to simultaneously receive and transmit signal.
Duplexers are 3-port devices which consist of Antenna port, Transmitter port (TX port) and
Receiver port (RX port) shown in Figure 1. It has three basic functions. First one is to transmit
transmitting signal from TX port to Antenna port. Second one is to transmit receiving signal
from Antenna port to RX port. Last one is to prevent from leaking transmitting signal from TX
port to RX port. The transmitting frequency and the receiving frequency are determined
corresponding to each mobile phone system. For example, Table 1 shows typical allocated
frequency bands for UMTS.


RRXX s siignagnall
RX signal

AAntnteennnnaa
Antenna
RX port
RRXX por portt
Duplexer
DDuplupleexxeerr
TX signal
TXTX s siignagnall

TX port
TXTX por portt

IEC  2208/11


Figure 1 – Basic duplexer configuration

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
62604-2  IEC:2011 – 7 –


Table 1 – Frequency allocation of typical UMTS bands




Transmitting frequency Receiving frequency

Band

(MHz) (MHz)



I 1 920-1 980 2 110-2 170


II 1 850-1 910 1 930-1 990


III 1 710-1 785 1 805-1 880


IV 1 710-1 755 2 110-2 155




V 824-849 869-894

VIII 880-915 925-960



4.1.1 TX filter response (Filter response from TX port to antenna port)
Figure 2 shows frequency characteristics example of the TX filter. The required frequency
characteristics are low insertion attenuation in transmitting frequency band (f ), high insertion
T
attenuation in receiving frequency band (f ) and good impedance matching.
R
4.1.2 RX filter response (Filter response from antenna port to RX port)
Figure 3 shows frequency characteristics example of the RX filter. The required frequency
characteristics are low insertion attenuation in receiving band (f ) and high insertion
R
attenuation in transmitting frequency band (f ).
T
4.1.3 Isolation (Isolation from TX port to RX port)
Figure 4 shows isolation characteristics example. One of the important functions for the
duplexers is isolation characteristics which show the frequency dependence of the leakage
power from the TX port to the RX port.




f
T

f
R
Frequency

IEC  2209/11



Figure 2 – Basic TX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers
Attenuation  (dB)

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – 62604-2  IEC:2011






f
R






f
T




Frequency
IEC  2210/11

Figure 3 – Basic RX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers





f
R
f
T
Frequency
IEC  2211/11

Figure 4 – Basic isolation response example of SAW and BAW duplexers
4.2 Basic structure
Duplexers are 3-port devices/modules, which enable to transmit and receive signals
simultaneously through a common antenna. A basic structure of duplexers is shown in Figure

5. SAW and BAW duplexers consist of a transmitting (TX) part and a receiving (RX) part.
These two parts, which may add a phase shifter, are connected to antenna port. The phase
and Z
shifter is utilized to prevent the interaction between the filters. In the Figure 5, Z
t r
correspond to the impedance of TX and RX part at the antenna port side, whereas Z is the
o
impedance of antenna port. The following conditions must be fulfilled to achieve the duplexer
functions.
Z ≅ Z << Z  in the TX pass-band
o t r
Z ≅ Z << Z in the RX pass-band
o r t
DMS (Double Mode SAW) type SAW filters which are also known as longitudinally coupled
) )
1 2
resonator filters , ladder type SAW and BAW filters and other type of SAW filters such as
—————————
)
1
 See IEC 60862-2:2002, 6.3.
)
2
 See IEC 60862-2:2002, 6.2.
Attenuation  (dB) Attenuation  (dB)

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
62604-2  IEC:2011 – 9 –


)
3
interdigitated interdigital transducer (IIDT) can be adopted as TX and RX filters. High power

durability is required in the TX filters.


4.3 Principle of operation


In the TX pass-band, the impedance of the TX part in the antenna port side (Z ) is almost the
t

same as that of antenna(Z ), while that of the RX part (Z ) is much higher, which means that
o r

at the antenna port, the RX part has large reflection coefficient in this band.


  Z ≅ Z << Z  in the TX pass-band
o t r


On the other hand, in the RX pass-band, the impedance of the RX part at the antenna port
side (Z ) is almost the same as that of antenna (Z ), while that of the TX part (Z ) is much
r o t
higher. This also means the TX part has large reflection coefficient in this band.
  Z ≅ Z << Z  in the RX pass-band
o r t

TX part
Z
o
Z
t
TX filter
Phase shifter
TX port
Antenna port
RX port
Phase shifter RX filter
Z
r

RX part
IEC  2212/11

Figure 5 – The block diagram of duplexer

The transmitter signal applied to the TX port passes through the TX filter and then flows to the
Antenna port, not the RX filter. The received signal from Antenna port doesn’t flow to the TX
filter, but to the RX filter. As a result, the TX part and the RX part can share the common
antenna port. In the following explanation, the impedance of the antenna (Z ) is assumed to
o
be 50 Ω. The S curve of TX part at the antenna port side must satisfy the demanded
11
condition indicated in Figure 6. The impedance of its pass-band must be around 50 Ω. In the
rejection band, the impedance must be sufficiently larger than 50 Ω. In the actual duplexer,
the S trace in the Smith chart of the TX filter is rotated to its optimum state by a phase
11
shifter, as shown in Figure 7. On the other hand, the frequency characteristics of S remain
21
the same as that of without phase shifter. Figure 8 shows the S frequency characteristics
21
and S demanded condition of RX part.
11

—————————
)
3
See IEC 60862-2:2002, 6.4.

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – 62604-2  IEC:2011




–10,0
Mk1: 824,0 MHz

0,0
S = –1,83 dB
21


10,0

Mk2: 849,0 MHz

S = –1,85 dB
21
20,0


Mk3: 869,0 MHz
30,0

S = –57,96 dB
21

40,0

Mk4: 894,0 MHz

50,0
S = –46,91 dB
21

60,0

70,0
Pass-band Rejection-band
Pass - band Rejection - band
80,0
90,0
760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960
Frequency (MHz)
IEC  2213/11
The area demanded
Pass-band
for pass-band
Z ≅ 50 Ω (| г | < 0,33)
t
Rejection-band

The area demanded
for rejection-band
Z ≥ 50 Ω (| г | ∼ 1,0)
t
IEC  2214/11


Figure 6 – Demanded condition of TX part for duplexers

Z Z
t t
TX filter TX filter
Phase shifter
S S
11 11

Phase rotation

Before phase rotation After phase rotation
IEC  2215/11 IEC  2216/11



Figure 7 – Phase rotation in TX part
Attenuation  (dB)

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
62604-2  IEC:2011 – 11 –




0,0
Mk1: 824,0 MHz

S = –85,098 dB
–10,0 31


Mk2: 849,0 MHz
–20,0
S = –61,142 dB

31
–30,0


Mk3: 869,0 MHz
–40,0

S = –2,279 dB
31

–50,0
Mk4: 894,0 MHz

S = –2,058 dB
–60,0 31


–70,0
–80,0
–90,0
–100,0
760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960

IEC  2217/11
Frequency (MHz)

Z
r
RX filter
Phase shifter
S
11
The area demanded
Pass-band
for pass-band
Z ≅ 50 Ω (| г | < 0,33)
r
The area demanded
for rejection-band
Z ≥ 50 Ω (| г | ∼ 1,0)
r
Rejection-band
IEC  2218/11


Figure 8 – Demanded condition of RX part for duplexers

5 SAW and BAW duplexer characteristics
5.1 General conditions for SAW and BAW duplexers
TX filter, RX filter and phase shifter, which compose SAW and BAW duplexer as shown in 4.2,
are described in this section. Duplexer assemble configuration is also explained here.
– TX filter
The TX filter of the duplexers needs high power durability against the transmitting signal.
To ensure the durability against high power such as one watt or so, ladder filter or lattice
filter is used for the TX filter because of their higher power durability among several types
of SAW and BAW filters. SAW filters are described in 6.2 of IEC 60862-2:2002.
Besides of low insertion attenuation in TX band (f ) and high insertion attenuation in RX
T
band (f ) described in 4.1, high attenuation in the second harmonic (2f ) and the third
R T
harmonic (3f ) is also important. The attenuation in spurious frequency (f ) suppresses
T SP
Attenuation  (dB)

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – 62604-2  IEC:2011


inter-modulation signal at f = 2f – f . The typical frequency response is shown in

R T SP

Figure 9.

– RX filter


Transmitting power passes through the TX filter and attacks the antenna port side of the

RX filter. Filter types used for the TX filter can be adopted for the RX filter, but
longitudinally coupled resonator filter has possibility of adoption with trap elements to

block the transmitting power.


Besides of low insertion attenuation in RX band(f ) and high insertion attenuation in TX
R

band(f ) described in 4.1, heterodyne receiver with the intermediate frequency (f )
T IF
demands high attenuation in the local oscillation frequency(f ) and the image frequency

LO
(f = f + f for upper local system). Inter-modulation signal in f can be reduced by

IM LO IF R
high attenuation in the duplex image frequency (f = 2f – f ). The typical frequency
DIM T R
response is shown in Figure 10.
– Phase shifter
There are various styles of phase shifters according to duplexer configurations and out-of-
band complex impedance of TX and RX filters. To construct the phase shifter of a delay
line with the desired electrical length, strip line is located between the inside layers of a
package, or micro-strip line is located on the surface of a package as shown in Figure 11.
Figure 12 shows lumped element phase shifter. Suitable number of lumped elements is
not fixed to three. In some cases no phase shifter is necessary.
– Duplexer configuration
Figure 13 shows two types of the duplexer configuration. The
...