CEN/TC 139 - Paints and varnishes

This document specifies a method for assessing the amount of filiform corrosion developed from a scribed mark by measuring the length of the longest filament L and the most frequent length M of filaments.
Pictorial examples provided in Annex A of this document illustrate different ratings for the degree of filiform corrosion. A comparison of the test panels with the 12 pictures in Annex A does not supersede the obligatory numerical assessment (method 1 or 2).
ISO 4628-1 defines a system used for designating the quantity and size of defects and the intensity of uniform changes in appearance of coatings and outlines the general principles of the system. This system is intended to be used, in particular, for defects caused by ageing and weathering, and for uniform changes such as colour changes, for example yellowing.

This document specifies a mobile method for evaluating the resistance of automotive finishes to chilled-iron grit projected onto the surface under test to simulate the effect of stone chipping.
Results from the test specified in this document are not comparable with results specified in ISO 20567-1.

ISO 2811-3:2011 specifies a method for determining the density of paints, varnishes and related products using an oscillator.
The method is suitable for all materials, including paste-like coatings. If a pressure-resistant type of apparatus is used, the method is also applicable to aerosols.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the rheological behaviour of a coating powder both in particulate and molten form.

This document specifies a method based on a cyclic corrosion test for testing the corrosion protection of automobiles using coating systems on aluminium, steel or galvanized steel.
The test method uses corrosive conditions (temperature and humidity ramps and salt spray) to create realistic corrosion patterns. These corrosion patterns are typical for automobiles, and they are comparable in the case of sufficiently similar protective coating systems. In particular, the accelerated test investigates the delamination/corrosion creep that results from defined artificial damage to a coating. Investigations of surface and edge corrosion or investigations of adhesive specimens or components are also covered. This cyclic corrosion test is also suitable for testing corrosion in flanged areas or near gaps.
This document was developed for the assessment of coated substrates (test specimens, bodywork and mounted parts) in the automotive industry. Other applications, such as components with unpainted metallic coatings, were not part of the scope of the standardization work. This document was originally developed for coating systems on aluminium, steel or galvanized steel but it can also be used for the assessment of the corrosion resistance of coating systems on other metals and their alloys.

ISO 4628-6:2011 provides pictorial reference standards for designating the degree of chalking of paint coatings. It also describes a method by which the degree of chalking is rated.

This document describes the procedure for determining the resistance of an organic coating on a metallic substrate to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide.

This document specifies a test method for estimating the influence of jetting liquids from the rinsing process after electro-deposition coating (permeate residues) on a coating.
It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a test method for determining the pigment-binder ratio.
It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for determining the density of coating powders by liquid displacement in a measuring cylinder. The method is based on a determination of the mass and the volume of a test portion. It can be used for all types of coating powders.
NOTE      If the powder does not swell in contact with the displacement liquid used and if the displacement liquid replaces the air between the powder particles, it can then be used and compared with the method described in ISO 8130-3.

This document specifies a method to evaluate the resistance of automobile finishes and other coatings to the impact of a wedge-shaped body which is projected onto the surface under test to simulate the impact of stones.

This document specifies three methods for determining the adhesion by carrying out a pull-off test on a single coating or a multi-coat system of paint, varnish or related product.
These methods include:
—    method A: using two dollies, suitable for testing both rigid and deformable substrates;
—    method B: testing from one side only, using a single dolly, suitable for rigid substrates only;
—    method C: using dollies, one as a painted substrate.
These test methods have been found useful in comparing the adhesion behaviour of different coatings. It is most useful in providing relative ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in adhesion.
The test can be applied using a wide range of substrates. Different procedures are given according to whether the substrate is deformable, e.g. thin metal, plastics and wood, or rigid, e.g. thick concrete and metal plates. To avoid distortion of the substrate during the tensile test, it is common to use a sandwich construction. For example, for special purposes, the coating can be applied directly to the face of a test dolly.

This Technical Specification describes a test method to measure the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral transmittance in the wavelength range from 280 nm to 700 nm of coatings for exterior wood. From the spectral transmittance the transmittance of UV, VIS and the UV plus VIS wavelength range can be calculated.
It is applicable to free coatings films or coatings applied on a UV-transparent substrate.

This document describes the procedure for determining objectively the chalking resulting from natural or artificial weathering of an organic coating on a metallic substrate.
The advantage of this procedure for measuring chalking of an organic coating is that the result can be read off immediately on an instrument. Subjective judgement by visual comparison of test specimens with reference specimens is not necessary.
Reproducible results can only be obtained by careful execution of the test. Special attention is paid to the adhesive tape and its application to the test surface.
The test method is not applicable to embossed coatings. In the case of textured coatings, the degree of texture will influence readings. Also, dirt collection can influence readings on outdoor weathered specimens.
NOTE   Different methods for assessing chalking are in use. The results of these different methods are not comparable.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to abrasion of coatings, for which two loaded, freely rotatable but eccentrically arranged abrasive rubber wheels affect the coating of the rotating test specimen.

This document specifies general methods of test for epoxy resins for use in paints, varnishes and similar products. It is also applicable to those solutions made from epoxy resins that are intended for use as binders for paints and varnishes.
The test methods described in this document are not intended for epoxy esters.

This document defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those applications and properties, including corrosion protection (see the ISO 12944 series), coating powders (see ISO 8130-14), electro-deposition coatings (see ISO 22553-1) and rheology (see ISO 3219-1).
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with the ISO 80004 series.
Terms on pigments and extenders are harmonized with ISO 18451-1.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to abrasion of coatings, for which two loaded, freely rotatable but eccentrically arranged abrasive-paper covered wheels affect the coating of the rotating test specimen.

This document specifies a test method for determining, under defined conditions, the resistance of a single coating or a multi-coat system of paint, varnish or related product to penetration, by scratching with a scratch stylus loaded with a specified load. The stylus penetrates to the substrate, except in the case of a multi-coat system, in which case the stylus can penetrate either to the substrate or to an intermediate coat.
The method specified can be carried out:
a)    either as a “pass/fail” test, by testing with a single specified load applied to the stylus to assess conformity with a particular specification; or
b)    as an assessment test by applying increasing loads to the stylus to determine the minimum load at which the coating is penetrated.
NOTE      Neither this document nor ISO 1518-2 specifies a method using a curved stylus, which is specified in ISO 12137. The choice between the three methods depends on the particular practical problem.

This document specifies a method for determining the density of paints, varnishes and related products using a metal or Gay-Lussac pycnometer.
The method is limited to materials of low or medium viscosity at the temperature of test. The Hubbard pycnometer (see ISO 3507) can be used for highly viscous materials.

This document specifies a method for assessing the resistance of a coating system on wet wood to separation from the substrate by measuring the force necessary to detach or rupture the coating system by a normal tensile strain applied through an attached stud (dolly). Additional information is gained by noting the type and locus of failure. The force required for detachment will depend on several factors including the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and between intermediate coating layers. The procedure is not regarded as a direct means of measuring adhesion but an indicator of adhesive performance (adherence) under wet conditions.
A procedure for wetting the wood substrate is described. The test method is only suitable for wood and wood-based substrates.
For dry adhesion the test method can be carried out without wetting, in which case it will differ very little from EN ISO 4624.

This document specifies a laboratory method to determine the leaching behaviour of substances from coatings into water over defined time intervals.
The release of substances from coatings under natural conditions cannot be determined with this method.
This method can be applied to renders, when condition (4) of the Scope of CEN/TS 16637-1 is fulfilled.
(4) It is assumed that intermittent contact with water (e.g. exposure to rainwater) is tested — by convention — as permanent contact. For some coatings, (e.g. some renders with organic binders according to EN 15824) in intermittent contact to water, physical and chemical properties might be altered in permanent contact with water. These products are not covered by the Technical Specification CEN/TS 16637-1 since the test method in CEN/TS 16637-2 is not appropriate for these construction products.

This document specifies a test method for the evaluation of protection against corrosion of edges and stamping burrs by electro-deposition coatings.
It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of free coating films, specifically for exterior wood applications. Typical tensile properties of interest are the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the elongation at break during stretching of a free coating film at constant test speed. The test methods specified in this document are applicable to coatings from which free films can be made.

This document specifies three procedures to test the service life of a blast-cleaning abrasive under laboratory conditions.
The performance of an abrasive is also measured by its ability to clean, via transmission of kinetic energy to the substrate in the blasting process. This document also specifies the procedures that can be performed in the same testing machines to help evaluate abrasive performance under laboratory conditions.
This document applies to the testing of virgin metallic blasting media in the delivery state by centrifugal blasting under laboratory conditions.

This document specifies general terms and definitions for wettability. Some general principles are described in Annex A. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 4618.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of water-soluble chlorides in non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives, namely, amperometric titration, spectro-photometry and ion chromatography.
This document is part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.

This document specifies two methods of carrying out a pendulum damping test on a coating of paint, varnish or other related products. It is applicable to single coatings and to multicoat systems.

This document addresses performance criteria for coating systems on exterior wood. Performance requirements are specified according to three categories of end use (defined in EN 927 1) in terms of two mandatory tests, namely natural weathering performance testing carried out in accordance with EN 927 3, and water permeability in accordance with EN 927 5. Additional optional tests (non-mandatory) are tabled which can be used by suppliers, or for specification purposes, to provide additional information, to a standardized format, on aspects of performance relevant to specific situations. The majority of test methods are drawn from EN 927 (all parts), but where relevant additional tests from other national and international sources are used.
Requirements for claiming conformity with this document are defined and provide flexibility for different situations and can also provide a basis for certification.

This document gives technical descriptions of X-Y measuring tables together with sample applications, sample evaluations and practical recommendations for visual and metrological evaluation as a supplement to the ISO 28199 series. This document intends to provide further information on this subject to interested parties.

This document specifies a method for assessing the degree of flaking of coatings by comparison with pictorial standards.
ISO 4628-1 specifies the system used for designating the quantity and size of defects and the intensity of changes in appearance of coatings. It also outlines the general principles of the system. This system is intended to be used, in particular, for defects caused by ageing and weathering, and for uniform changes such as colour changes, for example yellowing.

This document describes the main sources of error in the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the investigation of coatings and other materials. The sources of error listed here include all process steps from the set-up of the sample with the measuring cell right through to evaluation.
NOTE       The sources of error discussed here do not represent a complete list.

This document specifies a general system for the classification of paints and varnishes for interior walls and ceilings for the decoration of new and old, coated and uncoated surfaces.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to abrasion of coatings, for which a loaded, rigid abrasive-paper covered wheel affects the coating of the linearly reciprocating test specimen.

This document specifies a method for the determination of water-soluble contaminants in non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives by conductivity measurement.
This is one of a number of parts in the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.

This document specifies a method for the calculation of the lower explosion limit of a coating powder, i.e. the minimum concentration of the coating powder in air which will form an explosive mixture. It is based on the measurement of the gross calorific value of the product, as determined by the method described in ISO 1928.

This document specifies a test method for the evaluation of the resistance of coatings to pressure water-jetting. The test method simulates the effects pressure water-jetting has on a coating.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the biocidal or biostatic efficacy of single active substances or combinations thereof used in film preservatives of coatings against fungal growth. This document does not apply to coatings unsusceptible to fungal growth. The test method covers only active substances for film preservation. It does not indicate the efficacy of the coating film to protect itself or an underlying material. The test method is applicable for active substances used for the protection of wood and masonry coatings. It is not applicable to marine coatings.
Safety, health and environmental aspects are not in the scope of this document.
Determination of the performance of film preservatives in coatings by applying ageing procedures is not within the scope of this document.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the biocidal or biostatic efficacy of single active substances or combinations thereof used in film preservatives of coatings against algal growth. The document does not apply to coatings unsusceptible to algal growth. The test method covers only active substances for film preservation, not the substrate itself, e.g. wood, which is dealt with in another standard. The test method is applicable for active substances used for wood protection and masonry coatings. It is not applicable to marine coatings.
Safety, health and environmental aspects are not in the scope of this document.
Determination of the performance of film preservatives in coatings by applying ageing procedures is not within the scope of this document.

This document defines three CIE standard illuminants for use in colorimetry: CIE standard illuminant A for the representation of typical tungsten-filament lighting, CIE standard illuminant D65 for the representation of average daylight having a correlated colour temperature of approximately 6 500 K and CIE standard illuminant D50 for the representation of daylight with a correlated colour temperature of approximately 5 000 K. Values of the relative spectral power distribution of the three illuminants are included in this document.

This document specifies the method of calculating colour differences according to the CIEDE2000 formula.
This document is applicable to input values of CIELAB L*, a*, b* coordinates calculated according to ISO/CIE 11664-4. It can be used for the specification of the colour difference between two colour stimuli perceived as belonging to reflecting or transmitting objects. This includes displays if they are being used to simulate reflecting or transmitting objects and if the tristimulus values representing the stimuli are appropriately normalized.
This document does not apply to colour stimuli perceived as belonging to areas that appear to be emitting light as primary light sources or that appear to be specularly reflecting such light.

This document specifies a test method for assessing the liquid water permeability of coating systems for exterior wood.

This document specifies a procedure for evaluating the resistance to continuous condensation of an organic coating on a metallic substrate, by means of exposure in a humidity cabinet under controlled conditions.

This document specifies a procedure for evaluating the resistance to humidity of an organic coating on a metallic substrate, by means of exposure in a humidity cabinet under controlled conditions.

This document specifies the procedure for determining the resistance to water immersion of an organic coating on a metallic substrate.
The test is applicable to all kinds of organic coatings, including metallics and embossed, textured, pearlescent and printed coatings. The results of the test give an indication of the resistance of the coil coated metal to water.
The method is not intended to reproduce any particular condition of condensation.

This document gives guidelines on how to perform accelerated cyclic electrochemical technique (ACET) with organic protective coatings on metals.
This document specifies the execution of an ACET test and the considerations relative to the samples and electrochemical cell, test parameters and procedure.
This document also provides guidelines for the presentation of experimental results such as Bode plots and relaxation curves and other types of information obtained.
Some typical examples are shown in Annex A.

This document specifies a method for the gas-chromatographic determination of the qualitative and quantitative composition of solvents contained in a product. The method is applicable to coating materials containing solely organic solvents (generally called conventional coating materials) and binder solutions and non-aqueous dispersions containing solely organic solvents.
The method defined in this document is not applicable for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content.
NOTE     For determination of VOC and SVOC, see ISO 11890-2.

This document specifies test methods for the determination of resistance of coating systems or tape for wind-turbine rotor blades to rain erosion by using the water jet test.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of resistance of coating systems or tape for wind-turbine rotor blades to rain erosion by using the rotating arm test.