SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industry - Pipeline transportation systems - Geological hazards risk management for onshore pipeline (ISO 20074:2019)
Petroleum and natural gas industry - Pipeline transportation systems - Geological hazards risk management for onshore pipeline (ISO 20074:2019)
This document specifies the tasks, contents and basic methods of the geological hazard identification, evaluation and control of oil and gas pipelines. It is proposed to apply in geological hazard management of land-based long-distance transportation of crude oil, refined oil, natural gas, coal bed methane and coal gas pipelines. The “pipelines” referred in this document include pipelines and subsidiary facilities of pipes and the “geological hazards” include geotechnical hazards, water hazards and geological constructive hazards.
Furthermore, geotechnical hazards merely contain landslides, collapse, debris flow, ground subsidence (including only gob collapse and karst collapse), special types of soil (including only loess collapse, swelling of swelling soil, the frost heaving and thaw settlement of frozen soil and the salt heaving collapsibility and wind erosion and sand burying of salty soil); hydraulic hazards consist of slope damage, river ditch damage and farmland damage due to rainfall. Geological constructive hazards only contain faulting and earthquake.
This document is not applicable to process pipelines in oil or gas stations, urban gas pipelines, pipelines for oil refining or petrochemical factory and any other enterprises related.
This document can be used as a reference in the risk assessment of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipelines.
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Rohrleitungstransportsysteme - Geologisches Gefährdungsrisikomanagement für Öl- und Gasfernleitungen (ISO 20074:2019)
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen fest und gibt Empfehlungen zum Geogefahren-Risikomanagement während der Phasen von Auslegung, Bau und Betrieb der Rohrleitung.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für alle Betreiber und Rohrleitungen (Bestand sowie in Planung/im Bau befindlich).
Dieses Dokument gilt für Sammel- und Transportleitungen an Land für den Einsatz in der Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie.
ANMERKUNG Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für Rohre und Leitungen innerhalb klar definierter Anlagen und Einrichtungen, wie z. B. Pump- und Kompressorstationen, Verarbeitungseinrichtungen oder Raffinerien. Es wird angenommen, dass der gesamte Anlagenstandort einer gesonderten Geogefahrenbewertung zur Beurteilung zutreffender natürlicher und vom Menschen verursachter Gefährdungen unterzogen wird. Dennoch kann dieses Dokument nützliche Hinweise zur Bewertung der Bedrohung von Einrichtungen, einschließlich der Rohrleitungen innerhalb der Anlage, durch Geogefahren geben.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für alle anzunehmenden und glaubhaften natürlichen Gefährdungen bedingt durch Naturgewalten sowie Gefährdungen bedingt durch menschliche Handlungen, die ähnlich natürlichen Gefährdungen erscheinen und mit dem Sammelbegriff „geologische Gefährdungen“ bzw. „Geogefahren“ bezeichnet werden, oder durch die Industrie, den „Naturgewalten“ zugeschrieben werden. Die in diesem Dokument behandelten Geogefahren sind u. a. Folgende (nicht nach ihrer Bedeutung angegeben):
- Massenbewegungsprozesse, einschließlich Erdrutschen, lateralen Ausbreitungen, Felsstürzen, Murgängen, Lawinen, sowie vergleichbare Vorgänge, ob natürlich auftretend oder anthropogen;
- Bodenabsenkung und/oder Bildung von Erdlöchern, ob natürlich auftretend, wie durch Auflösung von Salz- oder Karbonatgesteinsformationen (Karstformation), oder menschenbedingt, wie durch Untertage-Bergbau oder Förderung unterirdischer Fluide, wie z. B. Grundwasser sowie Erdöl und Erdgas;
- seismische Gefährdungen, wie z. B. Bodenbeben, Verwerfungsbruch, Verflüssigung, Durchflussausfälle und laterale Ausbreitung, oder zugehörige Sekundärwirkungen, wie z. B. seismisch bedingte Erdrutsche;
- vulkanische Gefährdungen, wie z. B. Lahare, pyroklastische Ströme, Lavaströme, Dammbruch, sowie vulkanisch bedingte Seismizität (ausgenommen Ascheregen), wenn solche Gefährdungen vernünftigerweise vorhersagbar sind;
- hydrologische Prozesse, wie z. B. Flutung, senkrechte Unterspülung von Flussböden, Flussbett-wanderung und Seitenerosion, Ausriss des Wasserlaufs, schnelle Entwässerung von Seen;
- Dauerfrostprozesse/periglaziale Prozesse und geothermale Einwirkungen, wie thermischer Abbau, Frosthebung oder Tausetzung, thermische Erosion, Thermokarst;
- Erosion der Oberfläche (Überland), Grabenverfüllung und Erosion durch die Verfüllung von Erdarbeiten;
- Ausdehnungs- oder Einsturzprozesse aufgrund sich ausdehnender und verformbarer Böden, wie z. B. glaziomarine Tonerden, verformbarer Löß usw.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine atmosphärischen/umweltbedingten Einwirkungen wie die Folgenden:
- Starkwinde aufgrund von Wirbelstürmen und Tornados sowie vergleichbarer Stürme, mit Ausnahme von Ereignissen, die vernünftigerweise vorhersagbar sind und Geogefahren verursachen, wie z. B. Erdrutsch, Erosion usw.;
- Blitz;
- Wald- oder Buschbrände;
- Ascheregen aufgrund von Vulkanausbrüchen.
Des Weiteren ist dieses Dokument nicht anwendbar auf sogenannte Kettenreaktionen, bei denen ein entferntes Ereignis zu einer Ereigniskette führt, wodurch letztendlich eine Geogefahr in der Nähe der Rohrleitung verursacht wird. Es ist ausschließlich anwendbar auf Geogefahren mit direktem Einfluss auf die Rohrleitung oder das RoW.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Management des risques géologiques des pipelines de gaz et de pétrole (ISO 20074:2019)
Le présent document définit les exigences et donne des recommandations relatives à la gestion des risques géologiques pendant les périodes de conception, de construction et d'exploitation de la conduite.
Le présent document est applicable à tous les exploitants et conduites (existantes et proposées/en construction).
Le présent document s'applique aux conduites terrestres de collecte et de transport utilisées dans les industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel.
NOTE Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux conduites à l'intérieur d'usines et d'installations bien définies, telles que les stations de pompage ou de compression, les installations de transformation ou les raffineries. Il est supposé que le site de l'installation dans son ensemble fera l'objet d'une évaluation distincte des aléas géologiques afin d'évaluer l'éventualité d'aléas naturels ou anthropiques (dus aux activités humaines). Néanmoins, le présent document peut fournir des recommandations utiles pour l'évaluation de la menace que représentent les aléas géologiques pour les installations, y compris les conduites à l'intérieur de l'installation.
Le présent document s'applique à tous les aléas naturels raisonnables et crédibles induits par des forces naturelles et aux aléas induits par l'activité humaine qui se manifestent de la même façon que les aléas naturels, collectivement appelés «aléas géologiques», ou aux aléas interprétés par l'industrie comme attribuables à des forces naturelles. Les aléas géologiques couverts par le présent document comprennent, sans toutefois s'y limiter (sans ordre d'importance):
— les processus d'instabilité gravitaire, y compris les glissements de terrain, les étalements latéraux, les chutes de rochers, les coulées de débris, les avalanches et autres processus similaires, qu'ils soient naturels ou anthropiques;
— la subsidence et/ou la formation de dolines, qu'il s'agisse de phénomènes naturels tels que la dissolution de formations salines ou carbonatées (formation karstique) ou d'origine humaine, comme l'exploitation minière souterraine ou l'extraction de fluides souterrains comme les eaux souterraines, le pétrole et le gaz;
— les aléas sismiques, tels que les secousses, les ruptures de failles, la liquéfaction, les ruptures par écoulement et l'étalement latéral ou les effets secondaires connexes, tels que les glissements de terrain déclenchés par des séismes;
— les aléas volcaniques, tels que les lahars, les coulées pyroclastiques, les coulées de lave, les ruptures de barrage et la sismicité induite par volcanisme (à l'exclusion des pluies de cendres), lorsque de tels aléas peuvent être raisonnablement prévus;
— les processus hydrologiques, tels que les inondations, l'affouillement vertical des fonds des cours d'eau, la migration du chenal et l'érosion des berges, l'avulsion du chenal, le drainage rapide des lacs;
— les processus pergélisol/périglaciaires et les effets géothermiques, tels que la dégradation thermique, le soulèvement dû au gel ou le tassement dû au dégel, l'érosion thermique ou le thermokarst;
— l'érosion de surface, du remblai de tranchées ou du remblai de terrassements;
— les processus de dilatation ou d'effondrement causé par des sols dilatants et effondrables, tels que les argiles glaciomarines, le lœss effondrable, etc.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux effets atmosphériques/environnementaux tels que:
— les vents forts ind
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Cevovodni transportni sistemi - Obvladovanje tveganja geoloških nevarnosti za kopenske cevovode (ISO 20074:2019)
Ta dokument določa naloge, vsebino in osnovne metode prepoznavanja, vrednotenja in nadzora geoloških nevarnosti pri cevovodih za nafto in plin. Priporočen je za uporabo pri obvladovanju tveganja geoloških nevarnosti za kopenske cevovode, namenjene za transport surove nafte, rafinirane nafte, naravnega plina, premogovnega metana in premogovnega plina prek velikih razdalj. »Cevovodi«, na katere se navezuje ta dokument, zajemajo cevovode in pomožne naprave za cevi, »geološke nevarnosti« pa zajemajo geotehnične nevarnosti, nevarnosti zaradi vode in geološke konstrukcijske nevarnosti.
Geotehnične nevarnosti nadalje zajemajo samo plazove, udore, drobirski tok, posedanje tal (vključno s samosesedanjem nasipnega materiala in kraškim sesedanjem), posebne vrste tal (vključno s samosesedanjem puhličastih tal, nabrekanjem nabrekajočih tal, zmrzovanjem tal in odtajanjem zamrznjenih tal, soljo, ki povečuje možnost sesedanja, erozijo zaradi vetra in peskom, ki prekriva slana tla); hidravlične nevarnosti zajemajo poškodbe strmin, poškodbe rečnih okopov in poškodbe kmetijskih zemljišč zaradi padavin. Geološke konstrukcijske nevarnosti zajemajo samo prelome in potrese.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za procesne cevovode na naftnih ali plinskih postajah, mestne plinovode, cevovode za predelavo nafte ali cevovode v petrokemičnih tovarnah ali kateri koli drugi, s podjetji povezani panogi.
Ta dokument je mogoče uporabljati kot referenco pri ocenjevanju tveganj za cevovode za zbiranje ter transport nafte in plina.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
01-december-2019
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Cevovodni transportni sistemi -
Obvladovanje tveganja geoloških nevarnosti za kopenske cevovode (ISO
20074:2019)
Petroleum and natural gas industry - Pipeline transportation systems - Geological
hazards risk management for onshore pipeline (ISO 20074:2019)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Rohrleitungstransportsysteme - Geologisches
Gefährdungsrisikomanagement für Öl- und Gasfernleitungen (ISO 20074:2019)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Management des risques géologiques des
pipelines de gaz et de pétrole (ISO 20074:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20074:2019
ICS:
75.200 Oprema za skladiščenje Petroleum products and
nafte, naftnih proizvodov in natural gas handling
zemeljskega plina equipment
SIST EN ISO 20074:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
EN ISO 20074
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.020
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industry - Pipeline
transportation systems - Geological hazards risk
management for onshore pipeline (ISO 20074:2019)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Systèmes de Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie -
transport par conduites - Gestion des risques Rohrleitungstransportsysteme - Geologisches
géologiques pour les conduites terrestres (ISO Gefährdungsrisikomanagement für Öl- und
20074:2019) Gasfernleitungen (ISO 20074:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 July 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20074:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
EN ISO 20074:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
EN ISO 20074:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 20074:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for
petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20074:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20074:2019 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20074
First edition
2019-07
Petroleum and natural gas industry —
Pipeline transportation systems —
Geological hazard risk management
for onshore pipeline
Industrie du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Systèmes de transport
par conduites — Gestion des risques géologiques pour les conduites
terrestres
Reference number
ISO 20074:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Pipeline geohazard risk management program . 5
4.1 Key principles . 5
4.2 Requirements for a PGMP . 5
4.3 Elements of a PGMP . 6
4.3.1 General. 6
4.3.2 Preliminary engineering and route selection phase . 7
4.3.3 Detailed design phase . . 9
4.3.4 Construction phase .10
4.3.5 Operation and maintenance phase .12
5 Risk identification .13
5.1 General .13
5.2 Geohazard inventory .17
5.3 Desktop data analysis .17
5.4 LiDAR and remote sensing imagery analysis .18
5.5 Field investigation .18
5.5.1 Field investigation techniques .18
5.5.2 Field investigation scope .18
5.5.3 Field investigation recommendations .18
5.6 Geotechnical investigation .19
6 Risk assessment .19
6.1 General .19
6.2 Assessment systems and methods.19
6.2.1 Assessment systems .19
6.2.2 Assessment methods . .20
6.3 Assessment for regional pipeline geohazard susceptibility .22
6.4 Assessment for individual pipeline geohazard .22
7 Risk mitigation .23
7.1 General .23
7.2 Mitigations .23
7.2.1 Physical and procedural mitigations .23
7.2.2 Short-term and long-term mitigation measures .24
8 Techniques and methods for geohazard risk management .25
9 Data management .28
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for pipeline route selection .29
Annex B (informative) Field investigation recommendations .31
Annex C (informative) Example of classification of geological environmental conditions by
complexity level .33
Annex D (informative) Example qualitative assessment method .35
Annex E (informative) Example semi-quantitative assessment method .45
Annex F (informative) Potential methods to mitigate risk .54
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
Annex G (informative) Some key influencing factors of selected geohazards .61
Bibliography .66
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline
transportation systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
Introduction
This document is used by pipeline operators and designers for the implementation and improvement of
geohazard risk management of onshore pipelines.
It is used for the orderly and effective identification, assessment and mitigation of geohazards
threatening the integrity or safety of the pipeline, and to reduce the potential for risks and accident
loss. This document is intended to address geohazards along the pipeline and right-of-way (RoW).
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20074:2019(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industry — Pipeline
transportation systems — Geological hazard risk
management for onshore pipeline
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations on the management of geohazard
risks during the pipeline design, construction and operational periods.
This document is applicable to all operators and pipelines (existing and proposed/under construction).
This document applies to onshore gathering and transmission pipelines used in the petroleum and
natural gas industries.
NOTE This document is not applicable to piping and pipelines within well-defined plants and facilities,
such as pump or compressor stations, processing facilities or refineries. It is assumed that the facility site as a
whole will be subject to a separate geohazard assessment to evaluate applicable natural and man-made hazards.
Nevertheless, this document can provide useful guidance for assessing the geohazard threat to facilities,
including the pipelines within the facility.
This document is applicable to all reasonable and credible natural hazards induced by natural forces
and hazards induced by human activity that manifest similarly to natural hazards collectively referred
to as “geological hazards” or “geohazards”, or through industry as attributed to “natural forces”.
Geohazards covered by this document include, but are not limited to (not given in order of significance):
— mass wasting processes, including landslides, lateral spreads, rockfalls, debris flows, avalanches,
and similar processes whether naturally occurring or anthropogenic;
— land subsidence and/or sinkhole formation, whether naturally occurring such as from dissolution
of salt or carbonate rock formations (karst formation) or human caused, such as from underground
mining or withdrawal of subsurface fluids such as groundwater and oil and gas;
— seismic hazards, such as ground shaking, fault rupture, liquefaction, flow failures and lateral
spreading or associated secondary effects, such as seismically triggered landslides;
— volcanic hazards, such as lahars, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, dam break, and volcanically induced
seismicity (excluding ashfall), where such hazards can be reasonably predicted;
— hydrologic processes, such as flooding, vertical scour of river bottoms, channel migration and bank
erosion, channel avulsion, rapid lake drainage;
— permafrost/periglacial processes and geothermal effects, such as thermal degradation, frost heave
or thaw settlement, thermal erosion, thermokarst;
— surface (overland), trench backfill, or earthwork fill erosion;
— expansion or collapsing processes caused by expansive and collapsible soils, such as glaciomarine
clays, collapsible loess, etc.
This document is not applicable to atmospheric/environmental effects, such as the following:
— high winds induced from hurricanes and tornadoes and similar storms, except where such events
are reasonably predictable and will induce geohazards such as landslides, erosion, etc.;
— lightning;
— forest or brush fires;
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
— ashfall from volcanic eruptions.
Furthermore, this document is not applicable to cascading events, where one remote event leads to a
chain of events that eventually induces a geohazard near the pipeline. It is only applicable to geohazards
that directly affect the pipeline or RoW.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
construction phase
period where the pipeline is physically constructed encompassing all activities from RoW clearing, to
commissioning and RoW clean-up/reinstatement
3.1.2
detailed design phase
period consisting of detailed design, which can include but is not limited to detailed hydraulic studies,
mechanical design of the pipeline, stress analysis, design of RoW, full characterization of all identified
geohazards, construction and logistics planning, and supply management
3.1.3
dynamic management
process that covers the pipeline’s full life cycle, which can be implemented when a new hazard is
identified or an existing hazard changed
3.1.4
geohazard inventory
list of all identified geohazards which can be maintained, enhanced or decreased throughout the life of
the pipeline project
Note 1 to entry: Ideally, the inventory would be computer based and linked to a Geographic Information
System (GIS).
3.1.5
geohazard susceptibility
geological or environmental conditions that might allow a geohazard event to occur
Note 1 to entry: A geohazard event can be natural or man-made occurrence that induces an integrity or safety
threat to the pipeline or RoW.
3.1.6
geologically sensitive area
area potentially prone to geohazards
EXAMPLE Such areas include seismic fault zones or active faults, medium and large rivers, high and steep
slopes, debris flows corridors, landslide prone topography, areas prone to karst collapse, mined-out areas.
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
3.1.7
hydrologic process
process associated with flowing water, i.e. river and stream processes
3.1.8
individual pipeline geohazard
specific geohazard that can impact the pipeline
3.1.9
land subsidence
sinking or gradual downward settling of the earth’s surface with relatively little horizontal movement
Note 1 to entry: It can be caused by karst processes, collapsible or dispersive soils, piping erosion, upward
migration of underground mining works, or other processes.
3.1.10
long-term management
management activities for pipeline geohazards (3.1.15) through monitoring and periodic re-evaluation
of threat levels from geohazards
3.1.11
mass wasting process
general term for the dislodgement and gravity-driven downslope movement or transport of soil and
rock material
3.1.12
operation and maintenance phase
period in pipeline lifecycle during which hydrocarbon product fills the pipeline and is transported
through the pipeline, and the pipeline operator addresses issues related to pipeline and RoW
maintenance and integrity
3.1.13
operator
person or organization which owns or operates a pipeline system or facilities and which is responsible
for the operation and integrity of the pipeline system
3.1.14
pipeline failure consequence
impact or loss caused directly or indirectly by leakage, damage or reduced performance of a pipeline
subject to geohazards
EXAMPLE Social and environmental impact, loss of life and property, negative impact on corporate
reputation, and economic loss.
Note 1 to entry: This includes individual pipeline geohazard and regional pipeline geohazard.
3.1.15
pipeline geohazard
geological process or phenomenon that have the potential to cause damage to a pipeline or RoW
3.1.16
pipeline geohazard risk
combination of geohazard susceptibility (3.1.5), pipeline vulnerability (3.1.22) and pipeline failure
consequence (3.1.14)
3.1.17
pipeline geohazard risk assessment
process of determining whether pipeline geohazard risks (3.1.16) are acceptable or require mitigation
or an intervention
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
3.1.18
pipeline geohazard risk identification
process of discovery, characterization and description of credible and probable geohazards that can
impact the pipeline or RoW
3.1.19
pipeline geohazard risk management
coordinated activity for guiding and coping with issues related to pipeline geohazard risk (3.1.16)
3.1.20
pipeline geohazard risk management program
set of processes and procedures for guiding operating companies or operators (3.1.13) to carry out
pipeline geohazard risk management (3.1.19)
3.1.21
pipeline geohazard risk mitigation
process of selecting and implementing a geohazard risk countermeasure or intervention to reduce
the probability of a negative event or reduce the consequences of a negative event that can impact the
pipeline or RoW
3.1.22
pipeline vulnerability
conditional likelihood of a pipeline being subject to damage due to a geohazard, given a geohazard
occurs and impacts the pipeline, which is an estimate of how resistant it is to damage caused by
geohazards
3.1.23
preliminary engineering and route selection phase
initial period in the pipeline lifecycle during which basic design work is completed, including but not
limited to route study and selection, preliminary design of the pipeline, early planning for logistics,
supply management and regulatory planning and submissions
3.1.24
regional pipeline geohazard
group or cluster of existing and potential geohazards located within a defined geographic area
3.1.25
right-of-way
corridor of land within which the pipeline operator has the right to conduct activities in accordance
with the agreement of the land owner
[SOURCE: ISO 13623:2017, 3.1.19]
3.1.26
seismic hazard
hazard occurring as a result of an earthquake
3.1.27
subject matter expert
SME
practitioner experienced with evaluating and managing geohazards
Note 1 to entry: The qualifications for a subject matter expert vary by location but they generally include a degree
in geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, geological engineering, civil engineering, or
related degree and at least five years of practical experience working with geohazards.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20074:2019
ISO 20074:2019(E)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
GIS Geographic Information System
ILI In-Line Inspection
LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging
PGMP Pipeline Geohazard Risk Management Program
RoW Right-of-way
4 Pipeline geohazard risk management program
4.1 Key principles
A PGMP is a set of practices and procedures used to systematically identify, evaluate, and manage
geohazards for the purposes of reducing the risk of damage to a pipeline system to an acceptable level.
A PGMP is operated for the entire lifespan of the pipeline from conception and design, to construction,
operation, and until the pipeline system is decommissioned. Thus, the PGMP should be designed and
implemented in such a way that critical information will be maintained and accessible for the lifetime
of the pipeline.
Because a variety of different groups participate in the design, construction and operation of a pipeline,
overall ownership of the PGMP rests with the operator. The operator shall designate an individual or
organization (the “PGMP team”) to administer the PGMP during and between the different phases. The
PGMP team may be the operator’s personnel or a qualified third party entrusted by the operator. In case
of replacement of one organization by an
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
01-oktober-2018
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Cevovodni transportni sistemi -
Obvladovanje tveganja geoloških nevarnosti za kopenske cevovode (ISO/DIS
20074:2018)
Petroleum and natural gas industry - Pipeline transportation systems - Geological
hazards risk management for onshore pipeline (ISO/DIS 20074:2018)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Rohrleitungstransportsysteme - Geologisches
Gefährdungsrisikomanagement für Öl- und Gasfernleitungen (ISO/DIS 20074:2018)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Management des risques géologiques des
pipelines de gaz et de pétrole (ISO/DIS 20074:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 20074
ICS:
75.200 2SUHPD]DVNODGLãþHQMH Petroleum products and
QDIWHQDIWQLKSURL]YRGRYLQ natural gas handling
]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD equipment
oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 20074
ISO/TC 67/SC 2 Secretariat: UNI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-06-12 2018-09-04
Petroleum and natural gas industry — Pipeline
transportation systems — Geological hazards risk
management for onshore pipeline
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Management des risques géologiques des pipelines de gaz et de
pétrole
ICS: 75.020
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 20074:2018(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
ISO/DIS 20074:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
ISO/DIS 20074:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Pipeline geohazard risk management program . 5
4.1 Key principles . 5
4.2 Requirements for a PGMP . 5
4.3 Elements of a PGMP . 6
4.3.1 General. 6
4.3.2 Preliminary engineering and route selection phase . 7
4.3.3 Detailed design phase . . 8
4.3.4 Construction phase . 9
4.3.5 Operation and maintenance phase .11
5 Risk identification .13
5.1 General .13
5.2 Geohazard inventory .17
5.3 Desktop data analysis .17
5.4 Remote sensing imagery analysis .18
5.5 Field investigation .18
5.5.1 Field investigation techniques .18
5.5.2 Field investigation scope .18
5.5.3 Field investigation recommendations .18
5.6 Geotechnical investigation .18
6 Risk assessment .19
6.1 General .19
6.2 Assessment systems and methods.19
6.2.1 Assessment systems .19
6.2.2 Assessment methods . .20
6.3 Assessment for regional pipeline geohazard susceptibility .22
6.4 Assessment for individual pipeline geohazard .23
7 Risk mitigation .23
7.1 General .23
7.2 Mitigations .23
7.2.1 Physical and procedural mitigations .23
7.2.2 Short-term and long-term mitigation measures .24
8 Techniques and methods for geohazard risk management .25
9 Data management .28
Annex A (informative) Guideline for pipeline route selection .29
Annex B (informative) Field investigation recommendations .30
Annex C (informative) Complexity classification of geological environmental conditions .32
Annex D (informative) Qualitative assessment method .34
Annex E (informative) Semi-quantitative assessment method .41
Annex F (informative) Potential risk mitigations .48
Annex G (informative) Key influencing factors of selected geohazards .54
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Bibliography .59
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
ISO/DIS 20074:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline
transportation systems.
A list all parts in the ISO 20074- series can be found on the ISO website.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
ISO/DIS 20074:2018(E)
Introduction
This document is used by pipeline operators and designers for the implementation and improvement of
geohazard risk management of onshore pipelines.
It is used for the orderly and effective identification, assessment and mitigation of geohazards
threatening the safety of the pipeline system, to reduce risk and accident loss. The pipeline system
includes the pipeline, RoW and all associated buried and above ground facilities, such as valves, meters,
compressor and pump stations.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 20074:2018(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industry — Pipeline
transportation systems — Geological hazards risk
management for onshore pipeline
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations on the management of geohazard
risks of pipeline during the design, construction and operational periods.
This document shall apply to all operators and pipeline systems (existing and proposed/under
construction), unless the operator can clearly demonstrate why the document should not apply.
This document applies to onshore gathering and transmission pipelines used in the petroleum and
1)
natural gas industries .
This document is applicable to all reasonable and credible natural hazards and hazards induced by
human activity that manifest similarly to natural hazards, collectively referred to as “Geological
Hazards” or “Geohazards”. Geohazards covered by this document include, but are not limited to (not
given in order of significance):
— mass wasting processes, including landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, avalanches, and similar
processes whether naturally occurring or anthropogenic;
— land subsidence and/or sinkhole formation, whether naturally occurring such as from dissolution
of salt or carbonate rock formations (karst formation) or human caused, such as from underground
mining or withdrawal of subsurface fluids such as groundwater and oil and gas;
— seismic hazards, such as ground shaking, fault rupture, liquefaction, flow failures and lateral
spreading or associated secondary effects, such as seismically triggered landslides;
— volcanic hazards, such as lahars, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, dam break, and volcanically induced
seismicity (excluding ashfall), where such hazards can be reasonably predicted;
— hydrologic processes, such as flooding, vertical scour of river bottoms, channel migration and bank
erosion, channel avulsion, rapid lake drainage;
— permafrost/periglacial processes and geothermal effects, such as frost heave or thaw settlement;
— surface and backfill erosion;
— expansion or collapsing process caused by expansive and collapsible soils, such as glaciomarine
clays, collapsible loess, etc.
This document does not cover atmospheric effects such as:
— high winds induced from hurricanes and tornadoes and similar storms, except where such events
are reasonably predictable and will induce geohazards such as landslides, erosion, etc.,
— lightning,
— forest or brush fires,
1) Piping and pipelines within well-defined plants and facilities, such as pump or compressor stations, processing
facilities or refineries are not covered by this document. It is assumed that the facility site as a whole will be
subject to a separate geohazard assessment to evaluate applicable natural and man-made hazards. Nevertheless,
this document may provide useful guidance for assessing the geohazard threat to facilities, including the pipelines
within the facility.
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— ashfall from volcanic eruptions,
— tsunamis induced by seismic hazards.
Furthermore, this document does not cover so-called cascading events, where one remote event leads
to a chain of events that eventually induces a geohazard near the pipeline. Only geohazards that directly
affect the pipeline or RoW are covered.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13623, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems
SY/T 6828-2017, Technical specification for geological hazards risk management of oil and gas pipeline
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
construction period
stage where the pipeline is physically constructed with activities including, but not necessarily
limited to mobilization of equipment, right-of-way surveying and clearing/grubbing/grading, access
construction, pipeline stringing, welding and lowering-in, trench backfilling, off right-of-way activities
such as development of borrow sites, laydown and stockpile sites, hydrotesting, erosion control,
reclamation, clean-up, demobilization, pipeline filling and commissioning.
3.1.2
design period
stage consisting of preliminary engineering and route selection phase and detailed design
3.1.3
dynamic management
a geohazard management process that covers the pipeline’s full life cycle, which may be implemented
when a new hazard is identified or an existing hazard changed
Note 1 to entry: It allows the geohazard management plan to be adapted to deal with the new or changed
circumstances of the threat.
3.1.4
geohazard inventory
a list listing all identified geohazards, may be maintained, enhanced or decreased throughout the life of
the pipeline project.
Note 1 to entry: Ideally, the inventory would be computer based and linked to a geographic information
system (GIS).
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3.1.5
geohazard susceptibility
possibility of a geohazard event, which is an estimation of how likely or unlikely the geohazard is to occur
3.1.6
geology sensitive areas
areas potentially prone to geohazards, such as earthquake fault zones, medium and large rivers, high
and steep slopes, debris flows corridors, landslide prone topography, areas prone to karst collapse,
mined-out areas
3.1.7
hydrologic process
pertaining to processes associated with flowing water; i.e. river and stream processes
3.1.8
individual pipeline geohazard
specific geohazard that can be landslide, rockfall or debris flow (or any other geohazard that may
impact the pipeline)
3.1.9
land subsidence
the sinking or gradual downward settling of the Earth’s surface with relatively little horizontal
movement.
Note 1 to entry: It may be caused by karst processes, collapsible or dispersive soils, piping erosion, upward
migration of underground mining works, or other processes
3.1.10
long-term management
management activities for pipeline geohazards through monitoring and periodic reevaluation of threat
levels from geohazards
3.1.11
mass wasting process
a general term for the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct
application influence of gravity
3.1.12
operator
person or organization who owns or operates a pipeline system or facilities and is ultimately responsible
for the operation and integrity of the pipeline system
3.1.13
pipeline failure consequence
social and environmental impact, as well as loss of life and property, monetary loss, including direct,
indirect and consequential damages, negative impact on corporate reputation, etc., caused by leakage,
damage or reduced performance of a pipeline system subject to geohazards
3.1.14
pipeline geohazard
geological processes or phenomena that has the potential to cause damage to a pipeline or RoW,
including individual pipeline geohazard and regional pipeline geohazard
3.1.15
pipeline geohazard risk
combination of geohazard susceptibility, pipeline vulnerability and pipeline failure consequence
3.1.16
pipeline geohazard risk assessment
process of assessing pipeline geohazard risk and determining whether said risks are tolerable or
require mitigation or an intervention
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oSIST prEN ISO 20074:2018
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3.1.17
pipeline geohazard risk identification
process of discovery, characterization and description of credible and probable geohazards that may
impact the pipeline or right-of-way.
3.1.18
pipeline geohazard risk management
coordinated activity for guiding and coping with issues related to pipeline geohazard risk
3.1.19
pipeline geohazard risk management program
a set of processes and procedures for guiding operating companies or operators to carry out pipeline
geohazard risk management
3.1.20
pipeline geohazard risk mitigation
process of selecting and implementing a geohazard risk countermeasure or intervention to reduce the
probability of a negative event or reduce the consequences of a negative event
3.1.21
pipeline vulnerability
likelihood of a pipeline system being subject to damage due to a geohazard, which is an estimate of how
likely or unlikely the pipeline system is to be affected by geohazards and how resistant it is to damage
caused by geohazards
3.1.22
operation period
stage after pipeline system is delivered to a pipeline operator, namely operation and maintenance
phase, excluding the abandonment phase
3.1.23
regional pipeline geohazard
group or cluster of existing and potential geohazards located within a defined geographic area
3.1.24
right-of-way
corridor of land within which the pipeline operator has the right to conduct activities in accordance
with the agreement with the land owner
[SOURCE: ISO 13623:2017, 3.1.19]
3.1.25
seismic hazard
hazards relating to the effects of an earthquake
3.1.26
subject matter expert
a practitioner experienced with evaluating and managing geohazards
Note 1 to entry: The definition of qualifications for a subject matter expert will vary by location, but for
the purposes of this document will generally include someone with a degree in geology, geomorphology,
hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, geological engineering, civil engineering, or similar degree and at least
five years of practical experience working with geohazards.
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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3.2 Abbreviated terms
GIS geographic information system
ILI in-line inspection
LiDAR light detection and ranging
PGMP pipeline geohazard risk management program
RoW right-of-way
SME subject matter expert
4 Pipeline geohazard risk management program
4.1 Key principles
A PGMP is a set of practices and procedures used to systematically identify, evaluate, and manage
geohazards for the purposes of reducing the risk of damage to a pipeline system to a tolerable level. A
PGMP is operated for the entire lifespan of the pipeline from conception and design, to construction,
operation, and until the pipeline system is decommissioned. Thus the PGMP should be designed and
implemented in such a way that critical information will be maintained and accessible for the lifetime
of the pipeline.
Because a variety of different groups participate in the design, construction and operation of a pipeline,
overall ownership of the PGMP rests with the operator. The operator shall designate an individual or
organization (the “PGMP team”) to administer the PGMP during and between the different phases. The
PGMP team may be operator’s personnel or a qualified third party entrusted by the operator. In the
case of replacement of one organization for another, a proper handover of geohazard risk management
duties shall be ensured. When the geohazard risk management is assigned to a third party, the operator
shall be continuously and intimately engaged with the third party to ensure that the interests and
needs of the operator and all stakeholders are being adequately addressed and protected.
It is recommended that geohazard risk management throughout the life of a pipeline shall be carried
out by the same organization, which can be either an operator, or a third party entrusted by them.
Dynamic management of pipeline geohazards is required and newly identified geohazards may be
included in said management. Geohazards included in dynamic management are referred to as risk
management objects.
Where a PGMP is needed, operators shall establish and maintain a PGMP for the life of the asset.
Operator shall update the PGMP during the life of the asset as and when conditions warrant.
All work associated with the geohazard risk identification, assessment and mitigation of the pipeline
shall be carried out by a team of suitably qualified SMEs.
PGMP activities shall be documented. Geohazards may change over time, and changes in the PGMP shall
be documented over time, to ensure that the most current data and assessments are identified. Out-of-
date assessments may be archived or deleted.
4.2 Requirements for a PGMP
The PGMP informs an operator of how to design, construct and operate the pipeline in a safe,
environmentally responsible and reliable manner.
The PGMP covers the phases of preliminary engineering and route selection, detailed design, construction,
as well as operation and maintenance. It is recommended to conduct geohazard risk management as a
discreet element of the pipeline design phase, beginning in the earliest phases of design.
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Geohazard risk to a pipeline, and thus the need and scope of a PGMP, varies from pipeline to pipeline,
due to a number of natural and human-induced factors. Geohazard risk may be higher for pipelines
operated in areas of:
— steep terrain,
— active tectonics,
— high precipitation,
— high seismicity,
— geologically young terrain,
— volcanism,
— significant river crossings,
— geothermal variability such as discontinuous permafrost.
For these conditions, both the risk of geohazard damage to a pipeline may be elevated.
For example, a short pipeline in a flat, tectonically stable region with minimal rainfall might have a lower
geohazard risk. In this case, the operator might demonstrate that a PGMP is not needed. Conversely a
long pipeline with a 50-year service life, in a remote, steep, tectonically active tropical region would
likely have a relatively high geohazard risk. In this case the operator would very likely establish a PGMP.
Because of the broad variation in geohazard risk between pipelines, this document requires an operator
to assess geohazard risk of existing and future pipelines and determine whether a PGMP is necessary.
If an operator concludes that a PGMP is not n
...
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