This document specifies functional requirements for a self-initiated disease symptom checker app to be used for early screening and control of pandemics such as COVID-19. There are four functional components specified in this document: a) self-registration (see 7.2); b) symptom checking (see 7.3); c) guidance on screening stations (see 7.4); d) health consultation (see 7.5).

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This document specifies the performance requirements of instruments as used in the NON -
INVASIVE MEASUREMENT of X- RAY TUBE VOLTAGE up to 150 kV and the relevant compliance tests.
This document also describes the method for CALIBRATION and gives guidance for estimating
the uncertainty in measurements performed under conditions different from those during
CALIBRATION .
Applications for such measurement are found in diagnostic RADIOLOGY including mammography,
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT), dental radiology and RADIOSCOPY . This document is not
concerned with the safety aspect of such instruments. The requirements for electrical safety
applying to them are contained in IEC 61010-1.

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IEC 61676:2023 is available as IEC 61676:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 61676:2023 specifies the performance requirements of instruments as used in the non-invasive measurement of X-RAY tube voltage up to 150 kV and the relevant compliance tests. This document also describes the method for calibration and gives guidance for estimating the uncertainty in measurements performed under conditions different from those during calibration. Applications for such measurement are found in diagnostic radiology including mammography, computed tomography (CT), dental radiology and radioscopy. This document is not concerned with the safety aspect of such instruments. The requirements for electrical safety applying to them are contained in IEC 61010-1. IEC 61676:2023 cancels and replaces first edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. It includes an assessment of the combined standard uncertainty for the performance of a hypothetical instrument for the non-invasive measurement of the tube high voltage (in Annex A) which replaces Annex A of the edition 1.1 titled "Recommended performance criteria for the invasive divider".

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ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth pulse oximeter devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play (PnP) interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth pulse oximeters and addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

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ISO/IEEE 11073-10407:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth blood pressure monitor devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, and set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. This International Standard defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth blood pressure monitors.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10407:2010 addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

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Within the context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards for device communication, ISO/IEEE 11073-10420:2012 establishes a normative definition of the communication between personal body composition analyzing devices and managers (e.g. cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology and IEEE 11073-20601 information models. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviors in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favor of interoperability. ISO/IEEE 11073-10420:2012 defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth body composition analyzer devices. In this context, body composition analyzer devices are being used broadly to cover body composition analyzer devices that measure body impedances, and compute the various body components including body fat from the impedance.

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ISO/IEEE 11073-10408:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth thermometer devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, and set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards, including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. This International Standard defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth thermometers.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10408:2010 addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

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ISO/IEEE 11073-10415:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth weighing scale devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, and set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards, including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. This International Standard defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth weighing scales.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10415:2010 addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

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IEC 61676:2023 is available as IEC 61676:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 61676:2023 specifies the performance requirements of instruments as used in the non-invasive measurement of X-RAY tube voltage up to 150 kV and the relevant compliance tests. This document also describes the method for calibration and gives guidance for estimating the uncertainty in measurements performed under conditions different from those during calibration. Applications for such measurement are found in diagnostic radiology including mammography, computed tomography (CT), dental radiology and radioscopy. This document is not concerned with the safety aspect of such instruments. The requirements for electrical safety applying to them are contained in IEC 61010-1. IEC 61676:2023 cancels and replaces first edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. It includes an assessment of the combined standard uncertainty for the performance of a hypothetical instrument for the non-invasive measurement of the tube high voltage (in Annex A) which replaces Annex A of the edition 1.1 titled "Recommended performance criteria for the invasive divider".

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This document specifies the requirements and methods for the CLINICAL INVESTIGATION of CONTINUOUS NON-INVASIVE AUTOMATED SPHYGMOMANOMETERS used for the DETERMINATION of the BLOOD PRESSURE of a subject.
This document covers CONTINUOUS NON-INVASIVE AUTOMATED SPHYGMOMANOMETERS intended for use in all subject populations (e.g. all age and weight ranges), and all conditions of use (e.g. ambulatory BLOOD PRESSURE monitoring, stress testing BLOOD PRESSURE monitoring and BLOOD PRESSURE monitors for the HOME HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENT or self-measurement as well as use in professional healthcare facility or the EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE ENVIRONMENT (EMS)).
This document specifies additional disclosure requirements for the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS of CONTINUOUS NON-INVASIVE AUTOMATED SPHYGMOMANOMETERS that have undergone CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 124 according to this document.

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20211012-JO-Link to 93/42/EEC and M/295 removed

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20211012-JO-Link to 93/42/EEC and M/295 removed

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IEC 80601-2-59:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of screening thermographs intended to be used for the individual non-invasive febrile temperature screening of a human under controlled environmental conditions, hereafter referred to as ME equipment. This document sets laboratory characterization test limits for the screening thermograph.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) updates of the normative references and the bibliography;
b) expansion of the applicability to pandemic infectious diseases in general.

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This document specifies a method of measurement of the maximum insertion portion width of medical endoscopes and certain endoscopic accessories.

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This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of an infant cardiorespiratory monitor, as defined in 3.10, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—    intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
—    intended for use by a lay operator;
—    intended to monitor cardiorespiratory parameters in sleeping or resting children under three years of age; and
—    intended for transit-operable use.
NOTE       An infant cardiorespiratory monitor can also be used in professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the infant cardiorespiratory monitor, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the infant cardiorespiratory monitor.
EXAMPLE        probes, cables distributed alarm system

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The scope of the Amendment is the same as EN 61010-2-101:2017. It applies to equipment intended for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical purposes, including self-test IVD medical purposes.

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NEW!IEC 61010-2-101:2018 is available as IEC 61010-2-101:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 61010-2-101:2018 applies to equipment intended for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical purposes, including self-test IVD medical purposes. It has the status of a group safety publication, as specified in IEC Guide 104. This document has been prepared in close collaboration with Working Group CENELEC BTTF 88.1. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - adaptation of changes introduced by Amendment 1 of IEC 61010-1; - added tolerance for stability of AC voltage test equipment to Clause 6. This Part 2-101 is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 61010-1. It was established on the basis of the third edition (2010) and its Amendment 1 (2016).

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The scope of the Amendment is the same as EN 61010-2-101:2017. It applies to equipment intended for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical purposes, including self-test IVD medical purposes.

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This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of an infant cardiorespiratory monitor, as defined in 3.10, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories:
—    intended for use in the home healthcare environment;
—    intended for use by a lay operator;
—    intended to monitor cardiorespiratory parameters in sleeping or resting children under three years of age; and
—    intended for transit-operable use.
NOTE       An infant cardiorespiratory monitor can also be used in professional health care facilities.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the infant cardiorespiratory monitor, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the infant cardiorespiratory monitor.
EXAMPLE        probes, cables distributed alarm system

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IEC 80601-2-59:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of screening thermographs intended to be used for the individual non-invasive febrile temperature screening of a human under controlled environmental conditions, hereafter referred to as ME equipment. This document sets laboratory characterization test limits for the screening thermograph. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) updates of the normative references and the bibliography; b) expansion of the applicability to pandemic infectious diseases in general.

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IEC 80601-2-49:2018 applies to basic safety and essential performance requirements of multifunction patient monitors, hereafter referred to as ME equipment or medical electrical systems. This particular standard applies to multifunction patient monitors intended for use in professional healthcare facilities as well as in the emergency medical service environment or the home healthcare environment. The scope of this document is restricted to ME equipment or medical electrical systems intended for connection to a single patient that has two or more physiological monitoring units. For purposes of this document, a pregnant mother and her fetus(es) are considered a single patient. This document does not specify requirements for individual physiological monitoring units such as ECG, invasive pressure and pulse oximetry. The particular standards related to these physiological monitoring units specify requirements from the perspective of stand-alone ME equipment. This particular standard addresses the additional requirements related to multifunction patient monitors. Multifunction patient monitors can be integrated into other ME equipment or medical electrical systems. When this is the case, other relevant standards also apply. This document does not apply to implantable parts of multifunction patient monitors. This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60601-2-49, published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision to align with the current edition and Amendment to IEC 60601-1, new versions of collateral standards and amendments thereto. Major changes are in Clause 208 because many of the former requirements are now addressed by IEC 60601-1-8.

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IEC 60601-2-28:2010 establishes particular basic safety and essential performance requirements for X-ray tube assemblies for medical diagnosis. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The second edition of this particular standard has been prepared to fit IEC 60601-1:2005 (the third edition of IEC 60601-1), which is referred to as the general standard.

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IEC 60601-2-33:2022 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) EQUIPMENT and MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) SYSTEMS.
This document does not cover the application of MR EQUIPMENT beyond the INTENDED USE.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to MR EQUIPMENT only, or to MR SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to MR EQUIPMENT and to MR SYSTEMS, as relevant.
This document does not formulate additional specific requirements for MR EQUIPMENT or MR SYSTEMS used in INTERVENTIONAL MR EXAMINATIONS.
IEC 60601-2-33:2022 cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010, Amendment 1:2013 and Amendment 2:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) aligned with IEC 60601-1:2005 and its two amendments IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020;
b) addition of safety requirements for the EMERGENCY FIELD SHUT DOWN UNIT;
c) clarification of acoustic protection measures for the PATIENT and MR WORKER;
d) addition of noise emission declaration for exposure inside the MR EXAMINATION ROOM, to support occupational health assessment by the RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION;
e) addition of compliance methods for thermal safety of RF coils;
f) addition of RF transmit definitions to match MR CONDITIONAL labelling requirements for MEDICAL DEVICES;
g) clarification of requirements for MR CONDITIONAL labelling of ACCESSORIES;
h) alignment of static magnetic field limit for B0 HAZARD area to limits in other MEDICAL DEVICE standards (especially that for pacemakers, ISO 14117), the new limit value being 0,9 mT;
i) improved description of the magnetic field related plots in the Compatibility Technical Specification Sheet (CTSS);
j) provision of compatibility sequences (in the CTSS) to test auxiliary equipment by the MR manufacturer has become optional, and is expected to be eliminated in a future edition;
k) a separate section with requirements for a site-planning document containing safety information;
l) requirements for the alerting function (PATIENT to OPERATOR);
m) introduction of MROC as mandatory functionality for 1,5 T and 3 T systems to facilitate scanning of PATIENTs with MEDICAL DEVICES labelled as MR CONDITIONAL, unless such scanning is explicitly contra-indicated by the MR MANUFACTURER;
n) RF coil symbols in Table 201.A.102 have become mandatory, and the preferred and alternate signs have been swapped relative to the previous edition, with preferred now being the sign with color;
o) determination of the B1 stray field in 201.12.4.105.3.3 based on calculations only
The contents of the Interpretation Sheet 1 of May 2023 have been included in this copy.

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This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of an infant cardiorespiratory monitor, as defined in 3.10, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories: — intended for use in the home healthcare environment; — intended for use by a lay operator; — intended to monitor cardiorespiratory parameters in sleeping or resting children under three years of age; and — intended for transit-operable use. NOTE An infant cardiorespiratory monitor can also be used in professional health care facilities. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the infant cardiorespiratory monitor, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the infant cardiorespiratory monitor. EXAMPLE probes, cables distributed alarm system

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ISO 80601-2-61:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of pulse oximeter equipment intended for use on humans, hereafter referred to as me equipment. This includes any part necessary for normal use, including the pulse oximeter monitor, pulse oximeter probe, and probe cable extender.
These requirements also apply to pulse oximeter equipment, including pulse oximeter monitors, pulse oximeter probes and probe cable extenders, which have been reprocessed.
The intended use of pulse oximeter equipment includes, but is not limited to, the estimation of arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate of patients in professional healthcare institutions as well as patients in the home healthcare environment and the emergency medical services environment.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use in laboratory research applications nor to oximeters that require a blood sample from the patient.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of me equipment or me systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 201.11 and in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard.
NOTE 1       See also 4.2 of the general standard. "The general standard" is IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, Medical electrical equipment ? Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 can also be applied to me equipment and their accessories used for compensation or alleviation of disease, injury or disability.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended solely for foetal use.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is not applicable to remote or slave (secondary) equipment that displays SpO2 values that are located outside of the patient environment.
NOTE 2       Me equipment that provides selection between diagnostic and monitoring functions is expected to meet the requirements of the appropriate document when configured for that function.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use under extreme or uncontrolled environmental conditions outside the hospital environment or physician's office, such as in ambulances and air transport. Additional standards can apply pulse oximeter equipment for those environments of use.
ISO 80601-2-61:2017 is a particular standard in the IEC 60601-1 and ISO/IEC 80601 series of standards.

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Establishes particular requirements for the safety of electromyographs and evoked response equipment as defined in clause 2 of this standard.

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This part of IEC 60601 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of SURGICAL
LUMINAIRES and LUMINAIRES FOR DIAGNOSIS, hereafter referred to as ME EQUIPMENT.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME EQUIPMENT only, or to
ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the
case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
This particular standard does not apply to
– headlights;
– endoscopes, laparoscopes and their light sources, which are covered by IEC 60601-2-18;
– luminaires used in dentistry, which are covered by ISO 9680;
– luminaires for general purposes, which are covered by IEC 60598-2-1 and IEC 60598-2-4;
– luminaires dedicated to therapeutic purposes;
– special purpose lights with different conditions of use such as light sources intended solely
for decontamination of air and surfaces, UV lights for dermatological diagnosis, slit lamps
for ophthalmology, lights for surgical microscopes and lights for surgical navigation systems;
– lights connected to surgical instruments, such as luminous retractors;
– luminaires for emergency lighting, which are covered by IEC 60598-2-22.
NOTE See also 4.2 of the general standard.
SURGICAL LUMINAIRES and LUMINAIRES FOR DIAGNOSIS are medical devices and not general
lighting equipment.

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This part of IEC 62563 establishes the performance CRITERIA and test frequencies for the
ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS. The evaluation methods are defined in IEC 62563-1.
The scope of this document is directed to practical tests that can be visually evaluated or
measured using basic test equipment. This document applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS,
which can display monochrome image information in the form of greyscale values on colour and
greyscale IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS. This document does not apply to information displays and to
displays used solely for control of technical settings of all medical information.

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This part of IEC 62563 establishes the performance CRITERIA and test frequencies for the ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS. The evaluation methods are defined in IEC 62563-1. The scope of this document is directed to practical tests that can be visually evaluated or measured using basic test equipment. This document applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS, which can display monochrome image information in the form of greyscale values on colour and greyscale IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS. This document does not apply to information displays and to displays used solely for control of technical settings of all medical information.

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IEC 60601-2-41:2021 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of SURGICAL LUMINAIRES and LUMINAIRES FOR DIAGNOSIS, hereafter referred to as ME EQUIPMENT. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant. This particular standard does not apply to – headlights; – endoscopes, laparoscopes and their light sources, which are covered by IEC 60601-2-18; – luminaires used in dentistry, which are covered by ISO 9680; – luminaires for general purposes, which are covered by IEC 60598-2-1 and IEC 60598-2-4; – luminaires dedicated to therapeutic purposes; – special purpose lights with different conditions of use such as light sources intended solely for decontamination of air and surfaces, UV lights for dermatological diagnosis, slit lamps for ophthalmology, lights for surgical microscopes and lights for surgical navigation systems; – lights connected to surgical instruments, such as luminous retractors; – luminaires for emergency lighting, which are covered by IEC 60598-2-22. SURGICAL LUMINAIRES and LUMINAIRES FOR DIAGNOSIS are medical devices and not general lighting equipment. IEC 60601-2-41:2021 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009 and Amendment 1:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) revised the statement of essential performance; b) added exposure limits, test conditions, calculation methods and safety warnings related to photobiological hazards; c) removed the terms “MINOR SURGICAL LUMINAIRES” and “MAJOR SURGICAL LUMINAIRES”; d) added definitions of MAXIMUM ILLUMINANCE DISTANCE and REFERENCE DISTANCE and allowed MANUFACTURERS to measure some performance characteristics at the REFERENCE DISTANCE that they specify; e) replaced the region of acceptable chromaticity in (x,y) colour space with a requirement for Du,v; f) added a requirement for acceptable drift of the lighthead when attached to the suspension system; g) added a requirement for fluid ingress protection; h) revised Table 201.101 of IEC 60601-2-41:2009 and IEC 60601-2-41:2009/AMD1:2013 and moved it to Annex BB; i) specified a new device for measuring SHADOW DILUTION in a simulated cavity; j) specified test conditions for luminaires equipped with distance sensors.

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IEC 62563-2:2021 establishes the performance CRITERIA and test frequencies for the ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS. The evaluation methods are defined in IEC 62563-1. The scope of this document is directed to practical tests that can be visually evaluated or measured using basic test equipment. This document applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS, which can display monochrome image information in the form of greyscale values on colour and greyscale IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS. This document does not apply to information displays and to displays used solely for control of technical settings of all medical information.

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This document specifies the basic terminology and classification of tongue diagnostic methods. Each term of tongue diagnosis includes the English name, the classical Chinese characters and its definition. The classification structure of tongue diagnosis terms is shown in Figure 1.

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This document specifies the basic terminology of pulse diagnostic methods, the key elements of pulse and pulse condition. Each term of pulse diagnosis includes the English name, the classical Chinese characters and its definition.

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IEC 62563-1:2009 describes the evaluation methods for testing medical image display systems. It is directed to practical tests that can be visually evaluated or measured using basic test equipment. More advanced or more quantitative measurements can be performed on these devices, but these are beyond the scope of this document. IEC 62563-1:2009 applies to medical image display systems, which can display monochrome image information in the form of greyscale values on colour and greyscale image display systems (e.g. cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors, flat panel displays, projection system). This standard applies to medical image display systems used for diagnostic (interpretation of medical images toward rendering clinical diagnosis) or viewing (viewing medical images for medical purposes other than for providing a medical interpretation) purposes and therefore having specific requirements in terms of image quality. Head mounted image display systems and image display systems used for confirming positioning and for operation of the system are not covered by this standard.

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This document applies to capsule endoscopes used for clinical practice. The document defines relevant terms and gives requirements for them.

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IEC 61828:2020
- provides definitions for the transmitted field characteristics of focusing and nonfocusing transducers for applications in medical ultrasound;
- relates these definitions to theoretical descriptions, design, and measurement of the transmitted fields of focusing transducers;
- gives measurement methods for obtaining defined field characteristics of focusing and nonfocusing transducers;
- specifies beam axis alignment methods appropriate for focusing and nonfocusing transducers.
IEC 61828:2021 relates to focusing ultrasonic transducers operating in the frequency range appropriate to medical ultrasound (0,5 MHz to 40 MHz) for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. It shows how the characteristics of the transmitted field of transducers can be described from the point of view of design, as well as measured by someone with no prior knowledge of the construction details of a particular device. The transmitted ultrasound field for a specified excitation is measured by a hydrophone in either a standard test medium (for example, water) or in a given medium. This document applies only to media where the field behaviour is essentially like that in a fluid (i.e. where the influence of shear waves and elastic anisotropy is small), including soft tissues and tissue-mimicking gels. Any aspects of the field that affect their theoretical description or are important in design are also included. These definitions would have use in scientific communications, system design and description of the performance and safety of systems using these devices.
IEC 61828:2021 incorporates definitions from other related standards where possible, and supplies more specific terminology, both for defining focusing characteristics and for providing a basis for measurement of these characteristics.
IEC 61828:2021 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Clause 6 on Measurement procedures has been replaced by Clause 6: "Acoustic field measurement: equipment" and Clause 7: "Measurement procedure" and related definitions.
b) Reorganization of definitions and measurement section to accommodate specific sets of measurements for focusing, nonlinearity, beam axis alignment, beam area, beam maximum, numerical projection, plane wave, high intensity therapeutic ultrasound, multiple sources, spatial impulse response and compound plane waves. Clause 3 has been moved to Annex B.
c) The normative references have been updated and the Bibliography has been expanded from 8 to 40 references.
d) Twelve figures have been updated and seven new figures (B.1, B.3, B.7, B.10, B.11, B.12, B.13, B.14) have been added to facilitate measurements and be consistent with measurement terminology.
e) New measurements have been added for time delays, arrays, plane waves and spatial impulse response.
f) Annex A has been expanded to provide general guidance on pulsed waves, system responses, focusing gains and minimum beamwidth estimation.
g) New annexes have been added:

• Annex B (informative) Rationale for focusing and nonfocusing definitions

• Annex E (informative) Uncertainties;

• Annex F (informative) Transducer and hydrophone positioning systems;

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IEC 60336:2020 applies to FOCAL SPOTS in medical diagnostic X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES for medical use, operating at X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGES up to and including 150 kV.
This document describes the test methods employing digital detectors for determining:
a) FOCAL SPOT dimensions in terms of NOMINAL FOCAL SPOT VALUES, ranging from 0,1 to 3,0;
b) LINE SPREAD FUNCTIONS;
c) one-dimensional MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS;
d) FOCAL SPOT PINHOLE RADIOGRAMS,
and the means for indicating compliance.
In informative annexes, STAR PATTERN imaging and BLOOMING VALUE are described.
IEC 60336:2020 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
The significant changes of this fifth edition with respect to the previous edition are detailed in Clause E.6. These changes are:
a) introduction of digital detectors and discretization errors;
b) fewer normative requirements;
c) support for both SLIT CAMERA and PINHOLE CAMERA;
d) reintroduction of distorted (skewed) FOCAL SPOT;
e) keeping of STAR PATTERNS and BLOOMING VALUE as informative.

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This part of IEC 60601 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of laser
equipment for surgical, therapeutic, medical diagnostic, cosmetic or veterinary applications,
intended for use on humans or animals, classified as LASER PRODUCT of CLASS 1C where the
ENCLOSED LASER is of CLASS 3B or 4, or CLASS 3B, or CLASS 4.
MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT or MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS which incorporate lasers as
sources of energy being transferred to the PATIENT or animal and where the lasers are
specified as above, are referred to as “laser equipment” in this document.
NOTE 1 LASER PRODUCTS for these applications classified as a Class 1, Class 1M, CLASS 2, Class 2M or
CLASS 3R LASER PRODUCT, are covered by IEC 60825-1:2014 and by the general standard.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME EQUIPMENT only, or to
ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the
case, the clause or subclause applies to ME EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of laser equipment within the scope of
this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13,
Physiological effects, of the general standard.

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This document applies to rigid endoscopes designed for use in the practice of medicine. Endoscopes having a fibre-optic or opto-electronic imaging system are excluded. It specifies a test method for determining the optical resolution of endoscopes. This document provides a measurement method for characterizing three aspects of the optical resolution of a rigid endoscope. Characteristic A is used to provide a simple measurement of the limiting resolution of the endoscope image. Characteristic B provides a measurement of low spatial frequency resolution and characterizes the sharpness, or contrast, of the endoscope image. Characteristic C provides a measurement of the spatial frequency response of the endoscope image.

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This document defines terms for endoscopes and endotherapy devices commonly used in the endoscopic area. This document does not define general medical terms or other general terms. This document does not define terms that should be defined in other ISO 8600 (all parts).

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ISO 80601-2-56:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a clinical thermometer in combination with its accessories, hereafter referred to as me equipment. This document specifies the general and technical requirements for electrical clinical thermometers. This document applies to all electrical clinical thermometers that are used for measuring the body temperature of patients.
Clinical thermometers can be equipped with interfaces to accommodate secondary indicators, printing equipment, and other auxiliary equipment to create me systems. This document does not apply to auxiliary equipment.
Me equipment that measures a body temperature is inside the scope of this document.
ISO 80601-2-56:2017 does not specify the requirements for screening thermographs intended to be used for the individual non-invasive human febrile temperature screening of groups of individual humans under indoor environmental conditions, which are given in IEC 80601‑2‑59[4].
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to me equipment only, or to me systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to me equipment and to me systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of me equipment or me systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+A1:2012, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE          Additional information can be found in IEC 60601?1:2005+A1:2012, 4.2.

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This document specifies the design, testing and labelling of trocar sleeves and trocar pins that are universally interchangeable and reusable. It also specifies the design, testing and labelling of endotherapy devices which are inserted through these trocar sleeves and are also universally interchangeable and reuseable. This document specifies the minimum requirements for the production of the products mentioned.

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